^^^^le

^■^v^w

1^^

.-mt'

m..-';i

'-^Ph$t:^,

■ -

..:-^

Jtljata, SJem ^ork

BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE

SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND

THE GIFT OF

HENRY W. SAGE

1891

La^Si'- DATE DUE
MAR2 61951 1

FEB. 8 ]:i^^>

ie?*-4S6e-«-

Cornell University Library
PJ 6813.H35 1915

Arabic sef-taught (Syrian) with Englisli

3 1924 026 888 945

Cornell University
Library

The original of tliis book is in
tine Cornell University Library.

There are no known copyright restrictions in
the United States on the use of the text.

http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924026888945

tLBOHOUQH'8 SELF-TAUGHT series.

Co w ^'

ARABIC

SELF-TAUGliT.

(SYRIAN.)

For

TRAVELLERS
MISSIONARIBS
TRADERS
ftc, &e.

AAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

Vocabularies . . . .

Outline of Grammar .

JExercises on the Grammar

Conversational Phrases and
Sentences ....

Travel Talk ....

Money, Weights & Measures

WITH PHONETIC
PRONUNCIATION.

VYTyYrYyYYYTYYyYYYyYYTYyYTYTTYYYYTYyYTYYYYYyYYYYYyyyTYT

By A. HAS SAM.

< FIFTH EDITION, REVISED AND ENLARGED BY

REV. N, ODEH.

m

.ONDON:

I. MARLBOROUQJl.&_£a.

INTf MO AT (T*. HMl

COMPANION VOLUMES:—

■1—^— pi— ■■!■■■■■■■ I ■■^^^^^i—lBMUllli^

Egyptian (Arabic) Self-Taught, by C. A. THIMM.

BeiriBea and enlarged by Majob S. Mabbiqxt, D.S.O. Cdntatnlng AI
Fhonetid PTonnnciatioD, Vocabnlarivs, Elemental; Grammar, IdtcAtfatlo 1
ConTeraations, Travel Talk, Table-i of Money, Weights and Measnres.
tratiou of the Egyptian Coinage.

Fonrth Sditloii. Cronn Bto., bine wrapper, Si. 6d.; red cloth, 3t.

" We liaTe pleaanze In recomiuending; this book."— £?firt/}>Kan 0az<tt«.

Turkish Self-'f iraght. by C. A. THIIVliil.

In XnrklBh and Boman Characters. Bevised and Be^edlted by TBI
HioopuN and F»ofebbob A. QEOBBinB, B.A. The Dragoman for traTei
EngliBh Phonetic Pronunciation. Cctntains Yocabnlaries, ^lementary
Idltimatlo FhraseB and CO^Tersations, Tables of Money with illasferatlon
Coinage, Weights and Measnres, English and Tnrldsh Dictionary.

Fonrth Bditian. Crown 8X0., bine wrapper, 2s. 6d. ; red cloth: 3s.
"Will do as mnoh as any saU-teachlng can io."— Army arid Navy Gaze

OR.B:e:K (JM[od«ex>iii)

Oreek (Modern) Self-Taught, by Nicolaos ANASTASSIOU.

In. Greek and Boman Characters. With Phonetic Fronnneiatlon.
Yooabnlaries, Idiomatic Phrases and Dialogues, lillem^ntaTy 'GrammaTi' C
Trading, Axchteological and Beligioas Terms, Travel Talk, Photography, Ai
Tables of Money with English and American Yalaes, andiUnstratian ot'^Qree
Welsbti and Mnsnres.

Third Edition. Crown Iro., bine wrapper, 28. Gd. ; red oloth, Ss.
"The book is sound and may be thoronghly recommended to the ordlni
ta Oteece."— The Oxford Magiume, .'

PERSIJLN^.

Persian Self-Tanght, by SHEYKH HASAN.

With English FhoneUoPronnnciatton. Containing the Persian Alphabet, '

uoa and Pronnnttlation, Ontllne of Grammar with Persian Characters

• Yoeabnlarles and OonTersatlbns, TravU Talk, Trade and Commerce, Posi

Carespondanca, Illnstratlon of the Persian Coinage, Ferstam Handii

Nnmerals, Money (with English and American valnes). Weights and Me

'J .CMwn l¥*,-blna wnppar, 3b. td ; red oloth. Si.
"A mast welcome addition to the'Serles.' Those who desire to acqnlre:
aaa practloal knowledge ... to all snoh we gladly recommend this book."—

Mariborough'a TRAVELLERS' PRACTICAL MKSVA
CONVERSATION . .

. . ijKUBjman abiuitobd AiiPHABBnaiijiTO
Containing Txaral Notes, C»asaifled Conversations— BaUway, Btaamer. Hot
Onatoms, Shopping. Sight-seeing, Motoring, Cycling, *o.. Honey. W
■MmMMXtt. Comprehensive Dictionary of Words in Dally Use.
Ma. X. EISLISH, FUHOR, OERaAH and ITALIAH. [In on* book.)
■a. a. BmUBH. FUHCH, eSKMAH and DUTCH, (in oim book.)

GPOWfi IQmn. wmnnAK la Srt Anf«)i • «lAt-h Qb . oaI*

I Piastre

Bronze CoiN^' loPfastres - Nickel Coin

I'.O. 645a.

TURKISH COINS CURRENT IN SYRIA.

(Arabic Sclf-Taueht. .. 1 C7 ^

Marlborough's Self-Tanght Series.

Rrablc Self-Taught.

(Syrian.)

With

English Phonetic Pronunciation.

By
A. Hassam.

Enlarged and revised by
The Rev. N. Odeh,

iMe Chaplain to ihe Rt. Rev. G. F. P. BIyth, D.D., Bishop in Jerusalem.

Fifth Bditioa.

E. Maelboeotjgh & Co., 51 Old Bailey, LoNiDp^r, El^.

1915.

PEEFACE.

rrHE present enlarged edition of Arabic 8 elf -Taught is to all
J- intents and purposes a new work. It lias practically been
re-written throughout and much entirely new matter has been
added, whilst those portions of the original English text that
have been retained have undergone thorough revision with
a view to adapting them to modem requirements.

The Vocabularies and Conversations have been carefully
selected for practical use in the daily life of tourists, travellers,
missionaries, business men, and all who come into contact with
the natives of Syria. The work forms an easy guide to spoken
(colloquial) Arabic, and gives the student a practical and
valuable introduction to the thorough study of the language.

The system of transliteration here employed, carefully devised
to give the phonetic pronunciation of Arabic in accordance with
the scheme adopted by the Congress of OrientaUsts, has been
simplified to the last degree, and the key to the vowel sounds,
diphthongs, and hard consonants, given at the foot of the pages
throughout the Vocabularies and Conversations, will greatly
facilitate the intelligible pronunciation of the Arabic words
at sight.

The new outline of grammar throws much useful light upon
the construction of Arabic, and the exercises which follow contain
abundant conversational matter illustrative of the grammatical
rules. The student can thus obtain an intelligent grasp of the
words and sentences he learns by heart, and make them his own.

In carrying out the work of revision the Publishers have had
the assistance of the Eev. N. Odeh, who spent many years in
Palestine and Egypt as a missionary and Head Master of
St. Mary's School, Cairo, and has since been engaged in teaching
Ai-abic at Oxford.

At first sight Arabic letters appear very difficult to learn, and
this is partly the reason why students and travellers fight shy of
the language ; but Eastern tongues are not difficult to acquire
by the ' SELF-TArrGHT ' method, and any ordinary capacity can

4 ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

master them in a short time. The student or traveller, thui
becoming his own Dragoman, will more thoroughly enjoy a sojoun
in the East.

The best plan for a beginner to adopt is to copy each lette]
carefully and repeatedly, untU he has fixed it in his mind ; f oi
this purpose only two or three letters should be dealt with a1
a time, and not the whole alphabet. He will be surprised tc
find how soon he begins to understand the characters in theii
various positions.

Having mastered the alphabet, he may proceed to commit to
memory the words given in the vocabularies, pronouncing the
phonetic aloud, and then writLng the words from memory in the
Arabic letters, which can be corrected afterwards by reference
to the book. In this way he will begin to acqxiire the language
as easily as a child learns to speak and write its native tongue.

At the same time it may be borne in mind that, if this
manual is merely reqiiired as a phrase-book, the labour of
learning the Arabic characters is really unnecessary, as most
Arabs with whom one comes in contact are quite unable to read
the language.

When travelling it is well to note the sound of the words
uttered by the natives, as this helps one to attach the true value
to the phonetics used, and accustoms the ear to the gutturals
and soft aspirants of the Eastern tongue.

The ^written or classic Arabic is beautifully constructed.
It belongs to the Semitic languages, which include, amongst
others, Hebrew, Chaldee, and Syriac. It has indeed survived
all the other Semitic languages, and is the most exact in its use
of the original root. Many common household words of modern
Arabs are not merely similar to, but identical with, those of the
ancient Hebrews, and it is not too much to say that an Israelite
of old and an Arab Sheikh of the present day would be mutually
intelligible in the expression of their simple wants.

London, 1911.

CONTENTS.

Illustration of Coinage [Frontispiece).

The Alphabet and Pkonunciation (pages 7-12). page

The Forms of the Letters 8

Pronunciation of the Arabic Letters 10

Vowels and Orthographic Signs 11

Rules for the Pronunciation of the Vowels .... 12

Vocabulakibs (pages 13-66).
Animals, Vegetables, etc. : —

Animals and Birds ' 17

Fruits 38

Keptiles and Insects 19

Vegetables 37

Colours 48

Countries, Cities, and Nations 44

House and Furniture 32

Mankind ; Relations 22

Diseases of the Body 29

Dress 30

"Food, Drinls, and Smoking 34

Human Body, The 24

Physical and Mental Powers, Qualities, etc. ... 27

Professions and Trades 42

Parts of Speech : —

Adjectives 50

Verbs 57

Religious Terms 49

Times and Seasons 20

Town, Country, and Agriculture 39

Travelling 46

Writing 47

World and Nature, The 13

Land and Water 15

Metals, Minerals, etc. 16

6 ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT

Outline ow Gbammar (pages 67-79).

I. The Nottn

Pronouns : Personal, Demonstrative, Relative, Interrogative
Numeral Adjectives : Cardinal, Ordinal, Distributive

II. ThbVeeb

"III. The Paeticles :

Prepositions, Adverbs, Conjunctions, Interjections .
Syntax (pages 80-6).

The Verb in Syntax

EXEKCISES ON THE GRAMMAR (pagCS 87-96).

1. The Preterite Tense .

2. The Aorist Tense

3. The Imperative Mood ... . .

4. How the English Potential and Subjunctive Moods are

expressed in Arabic ... ...

5. The Participles .... ....

6. The position of Adverbs . . ...

7. The Infinitive Mood

Co.N'VERSATIONAIi PhBASES AND SENTENCES (pages 97-124).

Useful and Necessary Expressions

Simple and Practical Phrases (grouped alphabetically) .
Arrival ...........

The Railway

The Hotel ....

Meals

Correspondence, Post, Telegrams, etc

Shopping . .

An Excursion

Passages op Aradic with Pronunciation and Translation
interlined : —

1. 'The Lord's Prayer' (Matt, vi, 9-13) . . . . .

2. Qur'an (Koran), ch. iv, verse 169, with idiomatic translation
Monet : —

Turkish Government Currency used in Syria, with the English
and American equivalents

English and American Money, with the Turkish equivalents .

Weights and Measures

Postal Rates

ARABIC SELF-TAtJGHT.

The Alphabet and Pronunciation.

The following scheme of pxonunciation is the key to the
correct reading of the Arabio words throughout the work,
and the student will do well, therefore, to give careful
attention lo it at the outset, repeatedly copying each
character together with its phonetic transcription, until the
eye and the mind be'come so familiar with them that the
character immediately suggests the sound.

The method of distinguishing the hard consonants, h, d,
8, t, and 2, is so simple that these letters will pre«ent no
difficulty to the student, and the vowel sounds and diph-
thongs are equally easy to master. The key to all these
sounds, given in the footlines on each page of the
Vocabularies and Conversational Sentences, will enable any
English-speaking person to pronounce the words correct ly
at sight.

The Arabic alphabet is composed of twenty-eight con-^
sonants, all of which are written, as in most Eastern languages,
from the right hand to the left. Each consonant assumes
a different form according to its position at the beginning,
middle, or end of the word. On the next twa pages the
various forms are placed in separate columns and show how
each character is written respectively —

When totally unconnected with any other letter ;

When at the end of a word, or joined only to the letter
preceding ;

When connected wiih the preceding and following letters;

When at the beginning of a word, or joined only to the
letter following.

(7)

The Forms of the Letters.

Name.

TTncon-

nected

Characters.

Connected

with
preceding

letter

only.

Connectec

on both

sides.

Connected

with
foUowing

letter

only.

Tran-
scription.

Alif .

\

I

—

—

a, i, u

Ba

(_>

^

•*

J

b

la

CU

^

-

J

t

rha .

ej

L_i^

A

J

th

Teem

Z

t

.s.

S^

]■

B[a

■c

t

.S-

S^

h

iha .

t

'■t

.s:.

d>.

kh

Dal

J

vX

—

—

d

)hal .

i

A

—

—

dh

la

J

J/

—

—

r

'a, zai, or zain

J

j }

—

—

z

leen

u^

LT-

.AM

Mj

8

iheen

A

AAA

sh

ad

U^

l^

xS

^

S

)ad . . i

o- i

C^ 1

.^

•e

d

Name.

Connected

with
preceding

letter

only.

Connected

on hoth

sides.

Connected

with
following

letter

only.

Tran-
scription.

Ta . .

1,

k

k

k

t

Za

^

k

k

k

Z

Ain

t

t

*

X ,

1

Ghain .

i

t

X

£

gt

Pa . .

i-j

I— a

i

i

f

Qaf

J

J

i

i

q

Kaf .

cTcJ

J/

^^,

J ^

k

Lam

J

J

1

!

1

9

Meem .

(*

r

A,

^

m

Noon

u

u

X

' ^

n

Ha

X

*

«

A

h

Waw .

J

^

—

—

w, u

Ya

u5

L5

-

^_

y. j

The letters 1 O j j j and j can only be joined to those

letters wHicih precede.
From J and \ Idm-alif are formed i or S, in connexion "i.
From 3 (») and i>- (Ich) is formed the ligature =^.
From I (a) and ^ (/c) is formed the ligature 1^.
Other ligatures are jsf- *fr etc., etc.

Pronunciation of the Arabic Lr-iters.

\ Alif has no sound of its own, but is pronounced as a, i, c
u. accordino- to the vowel above or below it. Whe
not vowelled it is only a sign lengthening the prt
ceding vowel.

t—j Ba like the English b.

aJ> Ta like the English t.

<U T>^a like the English th in 'thought'; it is often pre

nounced like t.
_ Jeem like y in 'jam ' ; in Egypt hai-d like g in.' garden

- Hd is always a strong aspirate with friction.

-1 Kha is a guttural aspirate like ch in the German ich or th
Scotch word ' loch ' ; kh alwaj's represents one sounc
Bal like the English d.

o Dhdl like th in ' that ' ; dh'is always one sound.
J Ra like r in ' rural ', always sounded.
j Zd, zai, or zain like the English z.
(jM Seen like s in ' some '.
^J^ Sheen like sh in ' sheep '.
^Ja Sad like a hard hissing s as in ' hiss '.
i_/s Dad like a hnrd d, as in ' rod ',
is Td like a hard ^, as iu ' toss '.
1? Zd like a dental z.

^ ^/« is a guttural, peculiur to the Semitic languages, wliic

can only be learned by ear ; it sounds like the bleatin

of a goat (iiidd). When it begins a syllable we sha

denote it by a spiritus asper {') before a vowel, (

, when silent ufter a vowel.

iGhain a hard guttural prQduced;as in the efifort of garglir
and sounds similar to ghr.

^ Fd like the English/.

J Qd/like a broad k, produced as in imitating the cawing of
a crow.

CScJ JTd/like the English k.
J Lam like the English /.
I» Meem like the English m.
^^ JSToon like the English «.

* ^a like A in 'house ' ; if used as a grammatical
termination it has two dots over it (l), and has the
sound of t when followed by a word beginning with
vowel sound.

} Waiv has the sound of the w in ' water ', or of u in ' put '.

^ Yd sounds like y in ' yard '.

When } and i_? are not vowelled, they are then only signs
of lengthening the preceding vowel, u or /, or of
making the diphthongs au and ai respectively.

- VowEi.s AND Orthographic Signs.

The Arabs use thiee signs to express shorfr vowels, which
are placed either above or below the consonants, namely —

(^^) Fatha, an oblique line over the consonant, represents
a in ' hat '.

(— ) Kasrn, an oblique line under the consonant, represents
i in ' hit '.

{J-.) Damma, represents «« in 'put'.

Silent \ after .^ makes the long vowel a (as a in ' father '),

e.g. U nid (water).
Silent (_? after -^ miikes the long vowel I (us i in. ' machine '),

e-g- ^5l/^ (in).
Silent • after j_ makes the long vowel u (as u in ' rule '),

e.g. ji> d/iu (possessor).
Silent J after ^ makes the diphthong ou (as oto in 'cow'),

e.g. J lau (if).
Silent iJ after ^' makes the diphthong aj (as ai in ' aisle '),

e.g. ,,-i> s/iai (thing).

AKAbsiu stur- I AUUn I .

The Vowel is always sounded after, never before the
consonant with which it is written.

The other reading signs used in Arabic are —
±- Jazmah, placed oyer a letter that has no vowel.
— Maddah, a sign of prolongation over the ' .
£ Waslah, placed over \ to denote that it forms one syllable

with the preceding consonant.
:t. Shaddah, signifies doubling a letter.
*- Ramznh, placed over the 1 where it is a sounded guttural
consonant — transcribed '.

[N.B. It is not usual to mark all the vowels or signs in writing Arabic; in
i newspaper or book very few, if any, are marked.]

Rules for the Pronunciation of the Vowels.
If attention is paid as to whether a vowel is long or short,
10 difficulty will present itself in placing the stress on the
'ight syllable in a word of more than one syllable. When
I word has two or three short syllables, all are pronounced ■
squally short, and no stress is placed on any of them.
iVhen a double consonant occurs between two vowels, the
irst of the consonants is pronounced after the first vowel,
)ut the second before the second vowel ; e.g. JZ^ kassara
kaa-sa-ra), ' he broke to pieces.'

a short, like the sound of a in hat

d long

>j »

a „ father

i short

>f )

i „ bit

I long

)j

i „ machine

M short

>> J

M „ put

u long

J) J

u „ rule

au diphthong

» ,

010 „ cow

ai

tf 1

at ,, aisle

VOCABULAEIES.

[The Arabic language has only one defiaite article, Jl al,
' the,* which has purposely been omitted in the Arabic column.]

The World and Nature.

Engush,

Ababio.

Pbohunoiation.

air

\^

hawa

autumn

i^Jujd-

kharif

cloud

^

ghaim,^J. ghuyum

cold

^y.

hard

darkness

<5j\i

zulmah

dew

^JJ

nada

earth

^}

ar4

earthquake

^h

zalzalah

east

or'

sharq

eclipse of the sun

kusuf

,, ,, moon

khusuf

fire

j^

nar

fog, mist

(_;Lw0

dabab

frost

l:^

saqi'

hail

■^

barad

heat

harr

ice

jJj^

jaltd

light

;y

nur

Vowd soundi . hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = ow in cow.
Dolled consonants, h, d, 9, t, f, hard.

(13)'

14.

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

English.

Arabic.

PBONnNOIATION,

lightning

cy.

barq

moon

j^

qamar

nature

i.r.X

tabl'ah

nortt

JU.i

shamal

north-west

^^>JU^

shamal gharbi

planet

-^/

kaukab

rain

_>

matar

rainbow

X^ L^y

qaus qadah

shade

Jli

ziU

shadow

^d

fai

snow

i

thalj

south

<_>y^

junub

spring

^j

rabi'

star

-Usr"

nijmah

storni

y

nau

summer

', ''-■-'

?aif

sun

{j^'-'*^'^

shams

tempest

id^U

asifah

thunder

-^j

ra'd

water

a1; _ ,U

ma - maiyuh

weather

u^

taqs

fine weather

^-"

sahu

west

'^

gharb

whirlwind

■^jj

zaiiba'iili

wind
winter

rlh
shita

world

^U _ Ljj

dunj-a, 'alara '

Vowel soutids : hat, f athe

rtnf/af7

r, bit, machine, put, rule

aisle; au = owin c

VOCABULARIES.

10

.]

Land and Water.

ENduuu.

Aeabio.

Pronunciation.

bank

k^

shatt

clay

^

tm

desert

%^

sahra

field

Ji-

haql

forest '

Jb-

harsh, -pi. ahia.-h

garden ■ '■

u^.

bustan

gulf •■

^■^

khallj

hill

Ji-

tall . ..•

island

VJ^

jazirah :;

lake

'^j^.

buliairah

land

^J^

ard ';

meadow

■^y*

marj i

mountain

6^

jabal

ocean '

k-^\^l

al-bnhr l-mntH

plain '

Je

sahl

port

U-^

mm a

river

>

^nahr

rock

j^

sakhr

sea

J^;

bahr i

sliore

J^L

sahil

spring

^

ain

valley

c^-^b

wadi

■water, clear

t^Ua jU<

ma safi.

„ cold

J,l) *Ui

ma barid -

„ Lot;

./^t.

ma siikhun

wave

^i-

mauj

Voioei sounds ; hat, f ath

er, bit, machine, put, rul

e, aisle; au=owincow.

Dotte

d cojjsojianis, h, d, s, t, z,

hard.

16

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

Metals, Minerals, et

C.

Bnomsh.

Ababio.

Pbonxjnciatioh.

amber

V>

kahraba •

arsenic

i^jj

zarnikh

brass

±J\ Jjw\=£^

nahas asfar

bronze

^jJi (jywlsC*

nahas aswad

charcoal

V_Jar- jfS?

fahm hatab

coal

'^H

fahm tajar

copper

jA.^\ (juula^

nahas ahmar

diamond

(JU-UJl

almas

flint

J\P^

sawwan

glass

j^^.

qazaz

gold

(._--J6J

dhahab

iron

JjAs-

hadid

lead

U»^

rasas

marble

r^-^

rukham

metal

^jjt*

ma dan

mineral

^j^

ma daui

pearl

.dj!

lu'lu'ah

pebble

iyns-

hagwah

quicksilver

&^..J

zaibaq

sand

^J

rami

silver

<Ui»

faddah

steel

O^^

bulad

stone

J^

hajar

sulphur

-y

kibrit

tin

^_iX^ _lL^

tanak, qa?dir

zinc

lIXjj - Lj'y

tutiya, zink

Vowel aounda : hat, fath

er, bit, machine, put, rBl

B, aisle : au^^o-wiu

Dotted consonants, h, d, 9, t,. n, hard.

VOCABULARIES.

17

Animals and Birds.

Enqush. Arabic.

Pkonunoution.

animal

U^^r^

liaiwan

bird

t

tair

birdlime

JJ'^

dibq

calf

J^ :

'ijl

camel

J-^

jamal

hump of the camel

J.4^1 <uL-.

sanamat-l-]amal

cat

&

quttah

cattle

^\y

mawashi

chicken

t^

farkh, ^^..afrakh

cock

lL<..j

dik

cow

,J^_

baqarah

crow

m!/

ghurab

dog.

^^

kalb

donkey-

,^

himar

dove

<uU=-

hamamah

dromedary

^

hajin

duck •

ibj

baltah

eagle

^

nisr

elephant

d^

fil

fox

i J.JC

tha lab

gazelle

Jl;-

ghazal

goat

^jx^

mi'za

goose

wazzah

hare

^}

arnab

hawk^

J^

saqr

Vowel sownds : hat, fathf

sr, bit, machine, put, rul

e, aisle; au = ow in cow.

Ddtted consonants, h, d, ^, t, ^, hard.

18

Bnoush.

ARABIC S^LF-TAUGHT

Ababio. Pbonunciation,

hen.

aj5-U-J

dajajah

hide (of a beast)

' .s\^

jild

horn

uj

qam

horse

(^Lis-

hisan

jackal

l3-/u^1

ibn-awa(?o«flZwa

lamb

'~')A'

kharuf

lark

^j^

qunbarah

lion

A~il

asad

lioness

.,J

lahwah

mare

L^

faras

monkey

lijiA*-.

sa dan

mouse

>

far

mule

^.

baghl

owl

«t*jj

bumah

ox

i.

thaur

ji arret

u,,

babagha

partridge

^

hajal

pelican

rv

rakham

pig

y..j^

khanziT

pigeon

<uUj

yamamah

quail

J>\^

sumana

rat

^^i'irr

jirdhaun

sheep

r^

ghanam

sparrow

j^L^

asfur

swallow

yy^

sununu

turkey-

^AiJ!> -.l^ti

dujaj hindi

wolf

Ljj

zi'b

Vowel sounds: hat, father

bit, machine, nut. rulfi.

nidp. • Ofll — i-txvr in nrvar

., -_ — .., „.„, ^iv^u.iio, jjuu, iuiB, aisie;
Dotted, consonarua, h, d, 9, t, ?, hard.

VOCABULARIES.

19

Reptiles and Insects.

EKaiiiSH.

ant

bee

bug

butterfly

crocodile

flea

fly

frog
gnat

grasshopper
insect

locust

mosquito

moth

reptiles

silkworm

snail

snake

spider

sting

wasp

worm

Ababio.

_ Peohunoiation.

A^

namlah.

<d^

nahlah-

4.

baqqah

iJ^Aji

farasbah,^?. farash

_Uw«J

timsab

"^^7:

barghut

^Lo

dhubbanah

ijt.^jLa

dufda ah.

^J

barghashah,

pi. barghash

i^SU^

jundub

b^

hashrah,

pi. hasharat

^w

jarad

<Uj^U

namusah,^?. namus

iCJyC

ba'udah

cijIjUlj

zahhafat

jij"^ '^i^

dudat-harir

ii>ip-

halazaun

4=- '

haiyah

c^t^k:,^

ankabut

i.^ji

qarsah or las ah

J^

dabbur

if J. J'

dudah

Vowdsouwii : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = ow in cow.
Dotted consonants, h, d, s, t, j, hard.

B 2

20

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

Times and Seasons.

Bays of the week :

Ehqush.

Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Months of the year ;
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

Mohammedan names of the months :
V^s^l Al-Muljarram
jA^ Safar
<Ji^^ f-r^j Eabi'-l-awwal

Ababio.

Fbonuncutioii.

,\-^J\

al-ahad

^"^^

al-ithnain

\oM

al-thalatha

\^J\

al-arba a

^jjj.^^/tjsl\

al-khamis

^»4^1

al-jum a

LIUwJl

al-sabt

^^uy^

kanun thani

],\ . A

shubat

j\^\

adhar

i^Luj

nisan

A^

aiyar

^Uj^

huzairan

ji-

tammuz

cjl

ab

JAl

ailul

J;l u^.J^

tishrin awwal

J^ ^'i.j^

tishrin thani

^',\uy^

kanun awwal

L^^^t^J

Rabi -1-thani

^_^j^t ^jUj5- Jumada-1-ula
Hjci-i] ^jUj^ Jumada-1-

akhirah
!_->:»-, Eajab

Vowel sounds : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = ow in cow;
Dotted consonants, h, d, ;, t, ;, hard.

VOCABULARIES.

21

Sha ban
I < Eamaclan {the
month of fasting)

Shauwal
Dhulqa dah.
DiuHiijjali

_ The Mohammedans count according to lunar years of 354 days, so that
thirty-four lunar years are equal to ahout thirty-three solar. Their first year
began on July 16, 622 a.d.

UNQrjBH.

afternoon
age, an

beginning, the
daily-
day

daybreak

daytime

day after to-morrow

,, before yesterday

every day
3awn
early
3nd, the
3vening (early)

,, (late)
lull moon
lour

half an hour
eap year
unar months
nidday, noon
Diddle, the

^ AlUBIO.

.«nr.

fjM^

Si

^j

PnoinmciATioH.

asr

qarn, jll
al-ibtida
yaumi

yaum, j>Z. aiyam
tulQ -l-nahar
nahar
ba d ghad
awwal ams
kuU yaum
al-fajr
bakir, badri
al-intiha
maghrib

isha, masa
badr

sa ah, pi. sa at
nisf sa ah
Banat kabis
shuhur qamariyah
al-zuhr
al-wasat

^owel sounds .-haiiiatiiei, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle; au=owiiicow.
Dotted consonants, h, d, $, t, f, hard.

22

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

Engmsh.

Aeabio.

midnight

JJJ\< r.^-,

minute

iJLij

month

j^

morning

^..n\\

night

JJJl

season

J->ai

seasons, the

J^l

spring

^■J

summer

i—i^

autumn

i-Jj^

winter

\j:.

sunrise

^ju^iJliW C JJs

sunset

^y»-»jiJl '■r^-^

time

t^j

to-day

c.^\

to-morrow

Ij^

to-morrow morning

U-L^ lAi.

week

cj^l _ (Jjc*::*-

two weeks

c;~*-*^

year

<tJk««:

yesterday ,

L/**-*!

Peonunoiauon.
nisiEu-l-lail
daqiqah

shahr, pi. shuhur
al-sabah
al-lail
fasl

al-fusul
rahi
saif
khaiif
shita

tulii -l-shams
ghurub-1-shams
waqt
al-yaum
ghada

ghada sahahan
jum ah, usbu
]"um atain
sanah, pi. sinin
ams

Mankind ; Relations.

age

old age
aunt (maternal)

umr

shaikhukhah
khalah

Vowel sounds: hat, father, bifc, machine, put, rule, aisle; au = owincow,'
Dotted consonants, h, 4, ft t, ?, hard.

VOCABULARIES.

!iSJ

fiNQUsa.

Ababio.

PBONTJNOIATION.

aunt (paternal)

iXt

ammah

bachelor, spinster

^j^

'azab

boy

sabi

bride

U^3j^

'arus

bridegroom

U^.j^

'aris

brother

^

akh

child

^, ...

■walad '

cousin (masc.)

-H^ ^^

ibn-l-'amm, ibn-

M\^\

1-khal

„ (fern.)

. JUll hA

ibnat-1- amm.

^\A\hj\-

ibnat-1-khal

daughter

i^\

ibnah

father

^\

ab

female

u^^

untha

girl

(Jl-OJ

bint

grandfather

'V

jidd

grandmother

«i^

jiddah

grandson

Juis>.

haM

granddaughter

XSjlJ>-

hafldah

husband

ZiJ

zauj

infancy

-CljiU

tufuliya

madam (Mrs.)

c:^-.

sit

maiden (virgin)

>^

bikr

male

>

dhakar

man

<>rj

rajul, _pZ. rijal

mother

' ?

umm

negro

. J>*c

'abd,/e»j. 'abdah

Vmoel sounds: hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle; au = ow in cow,
Dotted consonants, h, d, i^, t, ^, hardi

24

Bngmsh.
nephew

niece

parents

people

relation

relative

servant

sir (Mr.)
sister

slave (female)
son

uncle (maternal)
„ (paternal)
widow
widower
wife
woman
youth
youth, a

ankle

arm

back

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

Aeabic,

u^.^^i

The Human Body.

PEONtJNOIATIOM* ■

ihn-1-akh, ibn-

1-nkht
ibnat-l-akh, ibnat-

1-nkht
yatim,y«j».yatimali|!
walidain -;

nas, sitiff. insan
qarabah
qarib
khadim,

fern, khadimah
saiyid
ukht
jariyah
ibn
khal
amm
armalah
armal
zaujah
imra'ah
shabab
shabb

ka'b

dhira

zahr

Vowd eou7ids : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = ow in co^^
Dotted consonants, h, d, 9, t, j, hard.

BNGlilSH.

beard

Ababio.

PEOmjNOIATION.

lihyah

belly

J-.

batn, pi. butun

blood

r'^

damm

body
bowels

*U^l

jasad
am a

brain

cUj

dimagh

breath
cheek

nafas

khadd, pi. khudud

chest

J^

8adr,j>Z. ?udur

chin

J^

dhaqn, pi. dhuqun

ear

U'^\

udhn, pi. adhan

elbow-

t/

ku', ^Z. akwa'

eye
eyebrows

ain
tajib

eyelash

eyelid

face

rimsh

jifn

wajh

finger
foot

i?ba ,pl. a§abi
rijl, pi. arjul

forehead

hair

hand

Jo

iibln
sha r
yad

left hand

jui

shimal

right hand

ut^^.

yamin

head
heart

ras
qalb

heel

i_^Jic

'aqab

'Vowd sounds : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = ow in cow.
Dotted consonants, h, d, 9, t, j, hard.

26

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

Ekglish.

kidneys
knee

AaiBio.

leg

J^

lip
liver

lungs

^J

molar

U^J-^

moustache

<_j,li

mouth

(^

muscle

Al-ic

nail

J^

navel

.>

neck

Vj

nerve

^-r~^

nose

palm of the hand

- /■

shoulder

, r<

skin

Asr

spine

stomach

»A)e^

temple

cS^

throat

U^

thumh

^[)

tongue

(jUJ

tooth

u-

vein

ijj'

wrist

**3*-»

pBONtTKdAHOA.

kilyah

rukbah, pi. rukab

saq

shiffah

kahid

ri'ah '

dirs ,1

sharib ♦

fam

'adalah
zifr, pi. azafir

purrah

raqabah

asab

anf

kafE

katif, ^Z. aktaf

jild

silsilat-l-zahr

mi dah

sudgh

halq

bahim

lisau

sinn

*irq, ^Z. uriiq ,

mi'snm

Vowel sounds: hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle; au = ow in co'
Dotted comonants, h, d, $, t, ;, hard.

VOCABULARIES.

27

Physical and Mental Powers, Qualities, etc.

ElNQUSB.

Ababio.

Pbonunoiation.

anger

i^..v^^

ghadah

character

Bonfidenoe

Bourage

khulq, pi. akhlaq

thiqah

shaja ah

iesire

iespair

3motions

rughbah
ya's, qunut
infl al nafsani

Bnvy

Juua^

hasad

sxercise

i^\jj

riya^ah

3xperience

»J^

khibrah

learf reverence

lSJ^

taqwah

•oily
'orgetfulness

junun
nisyan

'right

^y^

khauf

joodness

&

salah

;rief

.^

ghamm

latred

(Uiij

bughdah

lonesty

<uU

amanah

lonour

^\J\

ikram

lope

■^j-J^\

amal, raja

Qtelligence

■ ^

fahm

oy

udgment (opinion)

zJ

^h

faruh
rai

ustice

Ja.

'adl

indness ^

^JJ'^

ma ruf

''owd sounds : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, af sle ; au = ow in cow.
Dotted conaonarUa, h, 4, ?, t, f, hard.

28

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

Enqubh.

Ababio.

PBONTOfCIATlON.

laughter

c^

dihk

love

A'.-^

mahahhah

memory

^J\j

dhakirah

mercy

i^*j>-j

rahmah

modesty

J»l&^\

ihtisham

pain

tr^J

■waja'

patience

J^

sabr

piety

J^

tadaiy uu

pleasure

jir

surur

•politeness

<_}j\

adab

pride

^v

kubriya

prudence

ij-*ai.

baslrah

reason

J^

aql

senses, the

^\y^\

al-hawas

feeling, touch

,j^\

al-lams

hearing

«-^«aJl

al-sama

seeing, sight

J^\

al-nazar

smelling, smell

Y^^\

al-shamm

tasting, taste

jj^^

al-dhauq

shame

J-s?-.^.^

'aib, khajal

smile

ibtisam

sneeze

atsah

sorrow

• • ^}^

huzn

soul

^juSJ

nafs

speech

^K

kalam

spirit

c-v

ruh

strength

.^

quwwah

Yowd soMJids .• hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = ow in co'
Dotted consonants, h, dl, 9, t, f, hard.

VOCABULARIES.

2<

ENOLISH.

Ababio,

Pbonunoiation,

stupidity-

«jLc

ghabawah

surprise

Jl&jjl

indhihal

suspicion^

*^

shubhah

thought

J^

fikr

voice

IJUyO

§aut

will

}i^\jS

iradah

wisdom

U^

^likmah

Diseases of the Body.

ague

"^.JJ^

dauriyah

apoplexy

^'

falij

asthma

(_^MAi)' ^J^

diq-l-nafas

biliousness

'\jLe

^afra

blind

^}-

a'ma

bruise

U=J

radcL

burn

. "^-^^

harq

cholera

jaJ\ \ji>

hawa a?far

cold, a

^^-Cj

rashh, nazlah

colic

U^k^

magh?

consumption

:ui

al-sall

contagion

lJJ'^

adwa

cough

JU-

su'al

deaf

c»l

atrash

death

CIJ^

maut

diarrhoea

■JM

ishal

dumb

(J^^l

akhras - -

dysentery

b^lk-:jJ-^-^J

zahir, dusuntariya-

Vowel sounds : hat, father, bit, machTne, put, rule, iilsle ; au =ow in cow<
Doited consonants, h, d, $, t, ?, hard.

30

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

Ekgush.
faintness

fever
fracture
gout

headache
indigestion
inflammation
illness
jaundice
lame
measles
plague
. smallpox
sore throat
toothache
■wound

apron

boot

button

cap

cloth (cotton)

„ (wool)
coat
collar
collar of coat, etc.

AIUBIO.

PnoiroNciiTioH,

'Ui^

ighma

ijj^

Bukhunah

.^

kasr

>

•

L>"j^

niqris

U^[l tfTi

waja ras

^^\ i^

su'-l-hadm

U^\

iltihab

J=j^

marad

J^J.

yaraqan -

^y'

a'raj

<U,!as..

hiisbah

U>^^

ta un

^J^

jadari

J^-^l er^

waja -1 halq

J)^^ t^j

waja -1-sinn

t:^

jurh, pi. juruhb

Dress.

J^^

maryul

^-"T

jazmah

jj

zirr, pi. ay.tnv

LPi^.>

tarbush

r^

kham

o^

jukh

iZ=^

jubbah

^•v.

yaqah

i.zi

' qabbah

Vowd sounds : hat, father, bit, maqhine, put, rule, aisle ; au = ow iu co'
Dotte<t consonant, bi 4. 9. t. ?,, hard..

VOCABULARIES,

31

EHGIiISH.

Aeabio.

PnONUNOIATION.

omb

U.r,

musht

otton

J^ '■

qutun

rawers

JW

sirwal

rock

tjUa^

fustan

loves

, ijs^

kufuf

own

I^Uaij

qaftan

andkerchief

Jj^Xi^

mandTl

at

^iJaJy

' burnaitah

ice

ibJlo

dantellah

!nen

U^ t-jjUj'

tbiyab bT4

lantle

*v

abah

luslin

shash

eedle

■?;^^

ibrah

etticoat

iu^'

tannurah

in

(_/«jj J

dabbus

urse

c/**~

kis

izor

(_/w^^

mus

ng

^•u,

khatim

lissors

w* t*

l^*^

miqa§s

irviette

>

futah

lawl

Jb

sbal

i6ei}

t_i-ii,-i

sbarsbaf

iirt

UJ-kUiX mil <ij,

qamTs

.oe

(jUJIiX*

madas

[k

^^"r

harir

3eve

? • .

kumm

ippers

^.^v

babuj

iwel sQimcls ,' hat, father, bit, machTne, put, rule, aisle; au = ow incowi
Polled wnsonants, h, d, 9, t, ?, hard.

32

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

Enoxjbh.

Ababic.

Pboitonciation. .

Goap

t^^U

§abun

spectacles

^^^^\ ij^

nazzarat-1- uyun

sponge

JliSSlXjiMi

safinjah

stockings

cuVlr"

sharabat

suit of clothes

ttSjj

badlah

thimble

j.*LJ*JJW.J

kushtubaa

thread

J>

ghazl

trousers (Arab)

JW-

shirwal

„ (pair of)

li^jlkj

bantalun

umbrella

iluj^^

shamsiyah

veil

. t^>

burqu'

waistcoat

^j'^

sadriyah

watch

<U:Lj

sa'ah

House and Furniture.

basin

basket

bath

bed

bedstead

bell

blanket

bottle

broom

brush

candle

candlestick

<a-:

sallah

r^

hammam

L^

firash

Li-cs?

takht

u^j=r .

jaras

r>- '

hiram

*i-TJi

qanninah

^maJ^X^

miknasah

it^i

furshah

Ajt^^

sham ah

^Jj>M^

sham adan

Vowel sounds: hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle; au =ow in cot
Dotted consonants, h, d, 9, t, ?, hard-

VOCABULARIES.

33

Ehoush.
carpet

„ (large)

Ahabio.

Peonunciation.
sujjadah
bisat

chair

chest of drawers

kursi
jarur

chimney

ijj>~<i^

madkhanali

cupboard

ij\y!^

khazanah

curtain

ijh^

sitarah

cushion

xl^

mikhaddah

door

^V

bab

floor
furniture

ardiyah

athath

garden

^VXmjJ

bustan

holy well (at Mekka')

C-J^j

zamzam

house

bait

house to let
key

bait-lil-ijar

kuz

miftah

kitchen '

matbakh

landlord

mu'ajjir

Lease

jW

Tjar

look

d^

qifl

looking-glass

• ''V.lr*

mirayah

nat

^ji:^

IjasTrah

natches

'■^^

kibrit

nattress

i^V),

tarrahah

jail

Jk-

satl

)ictiire

>!!ji,y^

taswirah

[Towel sounds : hat, f athe
Dotted

r, bit, machine, put, rule
consonants, h, d, §, t, ?, 1

, aisle; au = ow in cow
lard.

Aralic Self-Taught

c

34

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

English.
quilt
roof
room
sofa
stable
staircase
table
tenant
towel
-wall

wardrobe
water-closet
well
window

Ababic.

PBONnNCHATION.

cJU

lihaf

l_J«-J

saqf

i^j\

audah.

uV'^

diwan

JJ^l

istabl

-^J^

daraj

/>

sufrah

j>- bju*^

musta'jir

>••

bashlcir

k,_u

hayit

UJ Jj^ri-

khazanat thiyab

rV"^

mustarah

^

bir

c/l::^

slmbbak

Food, Drink, and Smoking.

(For Conversations, see p. 116.)

appetite

il^

shaliiyah*

beef

J^ (^

lahm baqar

beer

>■■•

bii^a

biscuills

tU-o^

buqsumat

bouillon, brotb

r^^>

maraqat lahm

brandy

cl/l,-,<

kunyak

bread

j^

khubz

breakfast

j^

fatur

butter

i-AjJ

zibdah

cake

L!iU^

kak

Vowel sounds : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = ow in cow.
Dotted consonants, h, d, 9, t, ?, hard.

VOCABULARIES.

35

Ehqush,

ABA3IC.

Peondnoiation.

cheese

A: .-►

jibnah

chicken

t/

farkh

chocolate

<)Jlj(j-i>

shukulatah

coffee

*j«^

qahwah

cooked

t^

matbukh

cream

<tlaAJ(

q9,shtah

dessert

JiU

nuql

dinner

\sl.

ghada

dish

^^^

sahn kabir

egg

iUL*i

baidah

eggs (boiled)

cr-"^ u^^

baid masluq

„ (fried)

J^ l^^:'

baid maqli

fat

U^'^'

dihn

fish

CS-*^

samak

flour

■^

tahin

food

CLiy

qut

fork

i6y^

shaukah

glass of water

^UL15

kubbayflt ma

glass of wine

A--J _JJ

qadah nabidh

honey

"■j^

'asal

hunger

,. ^^

j^i'

ice

^_jj^

jalid, thalj

jam

^-{^

murabba

knife

A\ X^

sikkinah

lamb

'-'-lA r^

lahm khariif

lemonade

ij^,j

lamunaduh

liquor

jy

arak

Vqwd S9unds : hat,, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = ow in cow.
Dotted consonants, h, d, 9, t, z, bard.

C2

36

ARABIC SELl=^-TAUGHT.

Engubh.

Ababio.

Pbonunoiatios.

meat

A

lahm

„ (roast)

j^rj

labm masluq

„ (boiled)

^j/L^ *^

lahm mashwi

milk

, ,.\-.

halib

sour milk

' ^

laban

moTitliful, a

<uii!

luqmah

mustard

Jj^

khardal

mutton

^^

lahm ghanam

napkin

.slsji

futah

oil

^J

zait

omelet

U^. ^

'ijjat baid

pepper

JiiJ

filfil

pie

iJi^J^.^\ij

riqaq.fatTrmahsbu

plate

<

sahn

pork

J.j^ H

lahm khanzir

salad

lidaLj

salatah

salt

t

milh

sauce

^y.

maraqai

smoking

cr^=^'^'

tadkhm

cigar or \

^liL-j

sikarah

cigarette J

pipe

UJr?i^

ghalyun

tobacco

i^Uj_ ^;

tabagh, dukhkhan

tobacco pouch

(jlsLj ^/*(^

kis dukhkhan

soup

^.jy^

shauraba

spoon

.Xaiic^

ma la'qah

sugar

>

sukkar .

Vmud sov/nda : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = OW in cow.
Dotted consonants, h, d, §, t, ?, iiard.

VOCABULARIES.

37

Enqush.

Arabic.

Pkonunoiation.

sugar and water

j.i^ '\y4

ma stikkar

supper

l.rr

asha

sweets

LZJ^^

halawiyat

tea

^li

shai

thirst

JA2^

'atash

tongue

(^uJ

lisan

veal

J-^(^

lahm 'ijl

vinegar

khall

■water

>u.

ma

wine

Vegetables.

nabidh

artichoke

^r^^

khai-shuf

asparagus

UJ^

halyun

barley

A

sha'lr

beans

_Jy

ful

cabbage

<_J^jAL»

malfuf

caper

qabbar

carrot

jj^ "

jazar

cauliflower

"^j

qarnabit

celery

^j

karafs

cinnamon

^j

qirfah

corn

Ji _ t_>,.^

hubub, ghallah

cress

.1 A

rashad

cucumbers

M

khiyar

flour

^

tahin

garlic

ry

. tum

Vowel sounds : hat, fath

ST, bib, machine, pat, rul

e, aisle; au =ow in cow.

Dotted consonants, h, d,'§, t, ?, hard.

38 ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

Snqush,

Ababio.

Proitdnciatioh,

gourd

V'

qar

«

* * «w

hashish

grES3

hay

UJ3-i)U [J»^-^>~

hashish- nashif

herb

"^.

baql

leek

c.\^

kurrat

lentils

(_/wA£

adas

lettuce

J^-

khass

maize

Hjii

dhurah

mushroom

>

futr

oats

r^j^

hurtum

oiives

UJ^J

zaitun

onion

J^

basal

parsley

fjjjJjiiM

baqdunis —

peas

L,-=^^ - '>^ji

bizillah, hummus

potatoes

'itlL.

batata

radishes

J^

fljl

rice

JJ

ruzz

spinach

^L-:

sabanikh

straw

^jmJ

qashsh

tomatoes

!ljj^^

bandurah

turnip

l::^

lift

vegetables

Hj.'As-

khudiah

Fruits.

a.

almonds

J

lauz

apples

Z^

tuffah

apricots

JU^

mishmish

Vowel sounds: hat, father, bib, machine, put, rule, aisle; au=ow in cow.
Dotted consonants, h, d, ?, t, ?, Iiard.

VOGABULARIES.

39

BlNOIilSH,

Arabic.

PnONUNOlAIION.

lerries

\^\ji

qarajya

lestnuts

Av:...<

kastanah

irrants

^J^1^0>^

inab-l-tha lab

atcs

■ ,>

balah

gs
'uits

tin
fawakih

ooseberries

^j^J^j^

tliamar ifranji

rapes

t_^£

inab

imori«

UJ^

laimiin

ledlars

lelons

lulberries

za rur

battilcb
tut

uts

C'^.

bunduq

ranges

4. iJ^^J

burdaqan

eaohes
tears

durraq
inja?

ilums

O^^

khaukh

lomegranates

Jc*j

riiminaii

aisins

^L^^j

zabib

aspborries

^i-Wl .AJ

tbamar-l-'uUaiq

trawberries

V

faraulab

ralnuts

Jj^

jauz

lath

iridge

luilding

Town, Country, and Agriculture.

*u=-

hammam

^^

jisr

J^'.

bunyan

''(mel Bounds : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = ow in cow.
Dotted consonants, h, d, §, t, ?, hard.

40 ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

English.

Aeabio.

PBONTOIOIATrOH.

cemetery-

v^

maqharah

church

<u^

kanlsah

citadel

^rVi

qal ah

coffee-house

»J«^

qahwah

consulate

y'LjjJy

qtinslatu

court of justice

iALsr-

mahkamah

courtyard

Lpr-

haush

custom-house

C^Cl l:^..

hait-l-kumruk

desert

barriyah

emhassy

isjdi-:

safarah

farm

^jj^

mazra ah

farmer

fallah

fence

^^

siyaj

flock

t^^

qati'

fountain, spring

J"^

hand

gate

Julj'j

hauwabah "

harvest

.^U^

ha sad

horse fair

^\^\ J,.

suq-1-khail

hospital

Jl^

sbital

hotel

^jJl<j!

lukandah

lahouror

Jxli

fa'il

lane

o^j

zuqaq

library

ij[sx^

kutubkhanah

manure

^J

zibl

market

Jv'-

suq

fish-market

CS^\ J.~!

suq-1-samak

meadow

->■"

marj

Vowel sounds : hat, father, bit, maehine, put, rule, aisle ; au = ow in cow.
Dotted consoTiants, h, d, s, t, ?, hard.

VOCABULARIES.

41

Bngubh.

, A31ABI0.

PllOin3NOIA.TI01I.

J-

mil"

iJjsJio

tahunah

[ue

t-W

jami'

36

j^ _ <U^

sarayah, qasr

are

^-r*

mar a

gh

Cj\jjs:.*

mihrath

;e-office

A-}ns\-^

zabtiyah

I

9-

birkah

-office

^U..ip\ J-srr*

raahall-1-bostah

on

'-C^

habs

Qenade

<l&jj Js^

mahall nuzhah

rter (of town)

't

harah

,vay

JOjis- <ii-j

sikkat hadid

r

>

nahr

[

J^.> .

'tariq

>ol

<LjjiX«

madrasah

Jj^

bizr

i

<t<J;»-

hiizmah

ip fair

pAll jj^-.

suq-1-ghanam

jlierd

C^b

ra'i

)

U^O

dukkan

Qg

ti^

ain

ire

^ ^^li^i^.^

midan

ion

i^s^

mahat ah.

et

0^

shari'

irn

«^U^

khammarah

er

^^

burj

el sounds : hafi, father, bit, machine, put, rul

B, aisle; au = owincow.

42

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

ENQMBH.

Ababio.

PBONtmOIATIQN.

town

i^jS^

madinah

valley

^^^J

wadi

village

^J

karyah

wood, forest

Jb-

hursh

Professions and Trades.

ambassador

^

safir

architect

jji«i>i^

muhandis

auctioneer

JL

dallal

baker

jl:^

khabbaz -

barber

jM^

hallaq

blacksmith

o\j^

haddad

bookbinder

(_^ j>r.«r«

mujaUid kuth

bookseller

^

kutbl

carpenter

J^

najjar

chemist

^i^

kimawi

clergyman

qassTs

clerk

u^j-l^

katib

coachman

L5?0-

arbaji

consul

(J-3iJ

qunsul

contractor

JjUU

muqawil

doctor

^^^_^J.

tabib, lakim

dragoman

u^y

turjnman

goldsmith

4_)l«9

sayigh

governor

/u

hakim

grocer

J^

baqqal

groom

i_Sj\^ - u^.

sayis, mukari

Yowd souiida : hat, f ath

er, bit, machine, put, ru!

e, aisle; au = owin

DoUe(

i consonants, h, d, 9, t, ?,

hard.

VOCABULARIES.

4

Enqlish.

Ababio.

PBONTraOIATION.

guide

cM'i

dalll

interpreter

U^J

turjuman

jeweller

kJ^J'S^

jawahirji

judge

^^

qadi

laundress

i\\:.r

ghassalah

lawyer

^l^

muhami

locksmith

JUi

qafPal .

meroliant

J^^

tajir

midwife

itlj

dayah

missionary

J-»r*

mursal

monk

s-^L*

rahib

nun

<u&|^

rahibah

nurse

AtiZ4.^

mumarridah

oculist

UiHr^ (»r^

hakim 'uyun

officer

Izjlb

zabit

painter

Ji-^

musanwir

pharmacist

J^^

?aidali

policeman

U^ii

holis

porter

JU^

hammal

postman

J^Ji-

hostaji

postmaster

iL^jJ] JJj

wakil-1 bostah

preacher

]^\j

wa'iz

printer

ei:t'

tabba

professor

3\:^\

ustadh

sailor

^^

bahri

scholar

ji-s-^Jj

tilmidh

sculptor

^U;

naqqash

Vowel sounds : hat, fathej

", bit, machine, put, rule

aisle ; an = ow in cow.

Dotted consonants, h, 4) $> t, ?, hard.

44

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

ENGIilSH.

Bervant

slioeniaker

soldier

surgeon

tailor

teacher

watclimaker

watchman

Akabio.

Pronunciation

1 JU-;

khaddam

sakkaf

^^-^

'askari *

'^>r

jarrah

. 1=^

khaiyat

mu'allim

sa ati

^

ghafir

Countries, Cities, and Nations.

Aleppo

fc..^).»-

halab

Alexandria

io ,S'^L^]

iskandariyah

America

J"

amirika

Arab, an

^■J^

'arabi, ^Z. urban

Arabia

OJ^^

'arabistan

Armenian, an

J^}

armani

Asia

'LJ

asiya

Austria

U^Jl

al-namsa

Austrian, an

^.Utt^j

narasawi

Cairo

"*^jbun

al-qahirab

China

^.Ji

al-sin

Constantinople

,j^,^4

istambul

Damascus

..A L

dimashq

Egypt

j^.

misr

Egyptian, an

s//^'*

misri

England

j-iiOSl jL

bilad-1-ingliz

Englishman

^c;^LOl

inglizi

V(»Kd sounds : hab> father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au =0W in cow.
Doited consonwnis, h, d, 9, t, ^, hard.

VOCABULARIES.

45

ENGXiIBB.

Europe

France

Frenchman

German, a

Germany

Greece

Greek, a

India

Italian, an

Italy

Jerusalem

Jew

Jordan, the

London

Paris

Persia

Persian, a

Eome

Russia

Russian, a

Smyrna

Spain

Spaniard

Syria

Turk

Turkey

Venice

AB^13I0.

PBONUNCLS.TION.

^Jj]

urohha

\MJ\ji

faransa

^J^'J

faransawi

J\^\

almani

l-JUll

almaniya

^,J\ .h

bilad-1-rum

.^« I

riimi

1^ -^J

AVjll

al-hind

o^y^

Italiyani

' O^il

Italiya"

(jwJki:!!

al-kuds

v^-!^.

yahudi, pi, yahud

^^Ji\

al- urdun

\j^-^

londra

L/-i;V

baris

^^\ jh

bilad-1- ajam>

\/^"

ajami

^t^V

rumiyah

)^Lm^\ tSh

bilad-l-maskob

^.f-^

maskobi

jr.-^j\

izmir

LJL-.1

isbaniya

J.•:^^M

isbaniyoli

" %3-

suriya

JJ

turki

c^r'jL

bilad-14urk

4>'^.

bunduqiyah ^

Vowel sounds: hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle; au^ow in cow.
Sotted consonants, h, d, $, t, 7, liard.

45

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

Enomsh.
arrival
bridle
camel

,, driver

„ saddle
caravan
carpet
carriage
donkey
donkey- driver
excursion
expenses
fowling-piece
girth
halter
highway
horsa
horseshoe
luggage
money

to change money
mule
muleteer

Napoleon (20 fr.piece)
package

Travelling.

Arabic.

J

>J

J

^'^^V

PEONtTKOIATlON.

wusul

lijam

ibl, jamal

jammal

rahl

qafilah

bisat

arabiyah
himar
hammar

siyaha qasiiah

masruf

barudah

hizam, zunnar

rasan

al-darb-1-sultani

hisan, faras

hidha

'afsh

darahim

sarf darahim

baghl

mukari

iTrah f aransawlyah

huzmah

Vowd sounds : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = OW in cow.
Dotted consoiiants, h, d, 9, t, z, hard.

VOCABULARIES.

47

EHaiiiBH.

Ababio.

Peonunoiation.

passport

CIJ^^.O _ i^ki

tadhkara, bazabort

pistol

^.^ii

tabanjah

pound (£1)

i.1y\i)\ ijl

lirah inglizTyah

pound (Turkish)

^;l/«i£ *,J

llrah 'uthmaniyah

rope

J.^

habl

saddle

-^^

sarj

spur

jU^

mihmaz

stirrup

^%

rikab

strap

J^

sair

tent

i^-.'i.

khaimah

ticket

^^jj

tadhkara

tourist

€^

sayi^, pi. sly ah

travel

j^

safar

traveller

>

musafir

wages

^.■^^

ujrah

water-bottle

^j ■

qirbah

water-jar

ji/

ibriq

whip

(

Writing.

For CoiiTersatioiis, see p. 118/

kurbaj

address

J\y^

'in wan

blotting-paper

^\L jj^j

waraq nashshaf

book

L^\A

kitab

compass

,\L,

bikar

date

■ ^'

tarikh

dictionary

(jw«.^U

qamus

Vowel sounds ; hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = OW in cow.
Dotted consoiumts, h, d, 9, t, ^, hard.

48

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

Enqush.

ABABIO.

envelope

-^Jj

index (of a book)

<U^^

ink

jt^

inkstand

iUljJ

letter

<_j>»:ix^

manuscript

ul^\^

paper

OJi

sheet of paper

cj} ty

pen

i.jMjj _ A J

pencil

,^^(JJi

penknife

^^-

postage stamp

iA^j j^,j

registered (letter)

/r^'

ruler

ilxui^

seal

r=^

sealing-wax

j^]^^

signature

'Li^l

writing

<ij'o^

Pbontjnoiation
zarf

fahrasah
hibr

dawayah
maktub
kitab khat
waraq
farkh waraq
qalam, rishah
qalam rusas
sikkln

waraq damgha
musaukar
mastarab
kbatm
sbam' ahmar
imda
kitabah

black

blue

brown

ciirason

dark

green

Colours.

(For Shopping, see p. ^O.J

J

aswad

JJ^

azraq

,^1

asmar

^y*?

qirmizi

^^U _ |,jU

qatim, gbamigl

.^\

akbdar

Vovid sounds : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = OW in cow.
Dotted cotisonants, h, d, $, t, ;, hard.

VOCABULARIES. ■

49

ENQUSH.

Ababio.

PBONUNCHiTION.

greenish

^jI-^^

khadrawi

grey-

^A^j _l_^^t

ashhab, ramadi

indigo

<d->j

nilah

liglit

^U

fatih

orange

■J'^-y.

burtuqani

pale

ei-^aij

bahit

pink

l—fl-^isi- ^^Ji

"■ wardi khaflf

purple

cr'W

urjuwani

red

V^r

ahmar

scarlet

s^j-V

qirmizi

sky-blue

(.f.U-j

samawi

violet

banafsaji

white

u^^

. abyad

yello-w

.LA

asfar

yellowish

~,k,^^

musfarr

Religious Terms.

angel

cSh,

malak

apostle

Jj-:;

rasul

baptism

Aj J)<*X.^

ma'mudiyah

believer

cr-i-*

mu'min "

Bible

i'l^j

Tauiah

bishop

t^Kk^

mutran

Christian

Masihi, Nusrani

church

"^„,-,<

kanisah

clergyman

tJM-ikM^S

qassis

Creator

jK^

Khaliq

Vowel sounds : hatj f ath
- Dottu

er, bit, mslfchTne, put, rui
i coriaonaiUs, h, d, s, t, ?,

e, aisle ; au = ow in cow.
hard.

AraiioSeV-Taviht

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

ElIQUSH,

Aeabio.

PBONUNCIiTIOS.

levil

a^-

shaitan

'aith

^U\

iman

'orgiveness

J^M

ghufran

lod

^3!i\

Allah

;ospel

J^^

injil

deaven

U-:

sama

liell

r^-

jahannam

Tesus Christ

^^^1 ^.*uj

Tasu el-Maslh

judgment

<oyjj

dainunah

Mohammedan

I^LuA^

Muslim

paradise

U^J'^/

firdaus

prayer

,1.

salah

religion

^'■:.^

din

repentance

taubah

salvation

a=^->i^

khala?

Saviour

u^^

Mukhallis

spirit

Adjectives.

ruh

able (capable)

,c\>

qadir

amiable

i >y,Si*

mahbiib

angry , Xf Jl

uWi

ghadban

ashamed^'*^

u'^

thajlan

astonished

muthaiyir

bad

Sr'-J^

radi

barbarous

H^^^^

barbari

beautiful

j;^^-

jamil

Vowel sounds : hat, father, bit, maohine, put, rule, aisle j au = ow in cow.
PQtted consonants, h, d, ?, t, ?, har(|.

VOCABULARIES.

51

Enolish, ^

Arabio.

PbonunciXtioh.

beloved

y-j^

aziz

better

iiT*^^

ahsan

bitter

i-"

murr

blind

(j^l

a ma

blunt (not sharp)

t>^-V^

ghair madi — '

blunt (in manner)

( — -JlJl ^~^

khashin-1-janib

bold

jy"^

jasur

brave

^

shuja

bright, polished

^^

lami'

broad ' - ■

<A.j^

arid

busy

,1 ^X.tM.^

mashghul

careful

ds^U^

muntabih

careless

JiU

ghafil

certain, sure

,v.<\

akid

cheap

L^=^^

rakhis __

clean

waJaJ

nazif

clear

J"-

safi

clever «

>Li

shatir

cold

L>^b

barid

comfortable

cV

murtah

costly, dear

J^l

ghali

damp

1 — -^J

ratib

dangerous

>^_

mukhtir

dark

r^

mu tim

deaf

L^>1

atrash

dear

i_-.^:^

habib

deceitful

ui^^^

ghashshash

Vm»d sounds : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = ow in cow
Dotted consonants, h, d, 9, t, !i, hard.

D2

52 ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

Bnoubh.

Ababic.

Pkonunciation.

deep

Ja.'»i _ ^J^^^

'amlq, ghawlt

delightful

._ "^^ -^

bahij, mufarrih

difierent

1 6\-.^

mukhtalif

difficult

i_^o»^

sa'b

dirty

n

wasikh

disagreeable

stjL-t

makruh

discreet

'r^ y^

dhu tamyiz

dry

^■^^\ - i—iilj

nashif, yabis

dull, stupid

jJ.j

balid

dusty

nmghabbar

early

h- .

mubakkir

easy

u>

haiyin

eldest

->-^\.

al-kabir

empty

^t>

farigh

every

S^\j J

kuU wahid

faithful

■ ^'

amin

false

l^jU^

kadhib

fashionable

.^U ^^^^

hasab-1-adah

fat

^ir^^

samin

iew

J,li

qalU

filthy

^j

danis

fine (not coarse)

^13

na im

fit

d^l*^

muwafiq

flat

W.,..v,

munbasit

foolish

>l^

jahil

fortunate

A,*-:

sa id

free

>

huir

. Vowd sounds : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au =ow in cow.
Dotted consonants, h, d, §, t, z, liard.

VOCABULARIES,

5

English.

Anjtsia.

PBONtTNOIATION.

frequent

.>-

mutakarrar

fresh

SJ'Xs^

jadid

friendly

mu?adiq

full

ul^

malan

gay

r>

fari^

generous

r^J

karim

glad

u^/

faihan

good

— ;?5'

taiyib

great

j^ _ * -lie

'azim, kahir

guilty-

r>-^

mujrim

happy

i^X-^

sa id

hard (cruel)

^li

qasi

hard (dry)

U^ik

yabis

healthy

^\^

mut'afi

heavy

- , ..1

thaqil

high

J^

'ali

honest

joU

sadiq

hot

^->-

harr, sukhun

hungry

J^)=r

]'u an

ill (sick)

uky* - u^l~

aiyan, marid

impertinent

h

waqih

important

(^

muhimm

interesting

J><i,«

mufid

just

JoU

'adil

kind

. ^,w

latif

large

.:^^

kablr

last

r^^l

al-akhir

Vowd sounds : hat, fath(

vc, bitv maahiusiPUt, riil

e, aisle ; au= ow in. co-h

Dotted conaonante, h, d, ^,. t, ^, hacd.

64

late
lazy-
lean
least
less

light (bright)
light (not heavy)
little (small)
long

loose (not tight)
loose (unbound)
loud (shrill)

low

mad

many-
merry

narrow-
natural

new

nice

old

old man

open

patient

pleasant (ma-n^

polite

poor

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT,

A.EABIO.

3i\

PBOIfONOIATIOU.

mut-akhkijJr

kaslan

nahif

al-aqal3

aqall

naiyir

khafif

saghir

tawil

rakhu

mahlul

'ali

wati

majnun

kathirta

farhan

daiyiq

tabi i

jadld

zarif

qadim

shaikh

maftuh

§abur

anis

adib

maskln, faqir

Voivd eounda : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = o-w in covr.
Dotted consonants, h, d, 9, t, ^, hard.

VOCABULARIES.

55

Enolibh.

Ababio.

Pbonunoiation.

possible

u^^

mumkin

pretty-

■ i^

malTh

private

^3"=^

khususi

probable

J*Ccsr»

muhtamal

proud

p^

mutakabbir

rash

^ ^ d^

ajul

ready-

-.oW-

hadir

rich.

J^

ghani

right and left

SUuiy U-^

yamman -washimalan

right (correct)

^

§atih

ripe

^i"^

mustawi

round

mudauwar

rude

<_jj1L

bila adab^

sacred

(juuJLSi^

muqaddas

sad

^■j^

^azin

safe

cr*'

amia

shady

Jlli^

muzallal

sharp (knife)

au

hadd

short

^ ■

qasTr

silent *•

LU-^Lj

sakit

simple

i;.,„.

basit

slow

'J=^

bati'

Bmooth

(./^

malis

Bftft

r^

na im

sore

t=r^-

muji

sound

^L

salim

sour

,_^U-

hamid

Vmcel sounds: hat, father, bit, maoMne, put, rule, aisle; au = ow in cow.
Dotted consonants, h, d, ^, t, il, hard.

56

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

English,

Ababic.

PnounuoiATiON.

square

t^^

murabba

straight

mustaqlm

r- ""*

strange

^-r^-j^

gharib

strong

^i^

qawi

sufficient

J^

kafi

sweet

hulu

tall

J^..^

tawll

thick

^

takhin

thin

di^j

raqiq

thirsty-

Jz^

atshau

tipsy

ul-^

sakran

tired

I^Lrj

ta ban

true

haqq

an grateful

.^

kanud

unintelligible

^i^JI^

ghair mafhum

unlucky

\J"^

nahs

useful

jJl:

nafi.'

usual

^oL^l

i'tiyadi

valuable

^

tliumin

various

tr^

mfltanauwi'

■warm

cr^

sukhun

■weak

da'lf

well

, -\.

taiyib

wet

JA-

mablul

wicked **

. J.r'

sharrir

wide

t-b

wasi

wild

s*'"-

barri

Vowd sounds : hat, father, bit, maoliine, put, rule, aisle ; au = o w in cow.
Dotted consonants, h, dj §, t, ?, hard.

VOCABULARIES.

TSsamsm

&BABIO.

Pbondmomtios

willing

^h

radi

wise

^

Ijakim

worse

\0j\

arda

wrong

Wr

ghaliit

young

ff^itjf

saghir

ST

Verbs.'

abandon

accept

admire

agree to

allow

alter

answer"

appear

arrive

ask

assist

avoid

awake

bathe (.trans.)

bathe (.intram.)

beat

become

^

■La

tarak

qabil, imp. iqbal

ta ajjab

ittafaq ala

adhih, samah

gh'aiyar, imp.

jawab [ghaiyir

zahar

wasal

sa'al, imp. is'al

sa ad

ijtanab, imp.

saha [ijtanib

hammam

tahammam

darab, imp. idrib

§ar

' In giammaiia aud dictionaricis the 3id masc. sing, past indie, is given as
the root- form .of the Arahio Terh, and the same plan is followed here.
' Literally 'he. abandoned ', ' he accepted ', and so forth.

Vowd aouvds : hat, father, bit, maohjne, put, rule, aisle ; au =ow in cow.
Sotted consonants, h, d, 9, t, f, hard.

68

ENSIilSH.

begin

believe

bind (to tie)

bite

boil {trans.)

boil {intrans.)

borrow

break

break to pieces
bring
bnild
bnrn
bury
buy
call
carry
catcb
change

cbange money
cheat
choose
clean
climb
come
come in
consent
consult

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

Akabio.

^}

*• *

IB W

PEOinniOIATION.

ibtada
gaddaq

rabat, imjp- urbut
add

inghala

iqtarad

kasar

kassar

jab, imp. jib

bana

haraq[

dafan

ishtara

nada

hamal

masak

ghaiyar

saraf

ghashsh

ikhtar

nazzaf

tasallaq

ja'a

dakhal

qabil

shawar

Yomd sounds : hat, father, bit, machine put rule aisle ; au =ow in cow,
Potted ccmsonants, h, d, ?, t, ?, tiara.

VOCABULARIES.

59

ENQIilSH.

Ababio.

Pbohunoiation.

ionvey

J^

naqal

jook

^t

tabakh

sough

Jj5~S

sa al

jount

v^.*^ _ S.S:

add, hasab

jry

J^.-tr'

^arakh, baka

cut

^

qata

Sance

U^J

raqa?

Seoeive

ciXi-

khada

decide

rr

hatam

deliver

^

sallam

deny

%\

ankar

dislike

4

karih

dismiss, drive out

Oj.

tarad

dream

h

halam

dress

U*^

labas

^rink

^^

sharib

eat

d^\

akal, imp. kul

examine

u^

fahas

excavate

J^ ,

ha far

exceed

'b

zad

exchange

j.>b

badal

excuse

j^

adhar

explain

f^i

waddah

feed

^\

at am

feel

bass

fetch

c^Ur

jab, imip. jib

find

•wajad

Vowd sounds : hat, .father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = OW in cow.
JDotted consonants, h, d, i;, t, ?, Jiard.

6a

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

Bngltsh.

AbabIc.

PBONTOlciiaaoN.

forget

L^

nasa

get in

Jr^J

dakhal

„ off

J^\

intalaq

„ out

^>

kharaj

„ up

r^

qam

give

J-^

a'ta

go

^j

lira

„ (on foot)

^^6

rah mashi

,, (on horseback)

. -^b 6

rah rakib

govern, rule

r^

hakam

graze

LSti

ra a

grease

u^^^

dahan

hand

J..^

nawal

hang (trans.)

J^

allaq

hang(ongallows)(fo"s.

c?— '

shanaq

•
happen

^1^

hasal

hear

J_^

sama

help

iXcL:

sa'ad

hide

LS^

khabba

hire

A^

ajjar

hurry

^^\

ista'jal

jump

L

natt

kill

o^

qatal

kiss

j;i - u-U

has, qabbal

knock

J^

daqq

know-

H/=

'araf

laugh

ci<:^

4ahik

YqwiI 80V/nda: hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle; au = owinco'
Dotted consonants, h, d, 9, t, ?, hardF .

VOCABULARIES.

61

ENQIiIBH.

leap

learn

lend

let alone

lie down

look

make

meet

mend

mention

mix

move (trans.)
move {intrans )

obey

object

oblige (favour^

obtain

offend

offer

omit

open (trans.)

open (inirans.)

oppose

order

paek

pay

perspire

Ababic.

t'

CJ:sr

A'X!

Peoncnoiation.
natt

ta allam
aqrad
khalla
raqad, nam
shaf, nazar

a mil

sallah
dhakar
' khalat
harrak
taharrak
ata
i tarad

amil ma ruf
nal
agbdab

qaddam

tarak

fatah

infatah

qawam

amar

hazam

dafa

t . -
ariq

Vowel sounds : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = ow in cow.
Dotted eonsoncmis, h, d, §, t, ?, hard.

62

Ensush,
play
pour
prepare
prevent
proceed
promise
pronounce
prosper
pull
pusli
put

rains (it)
raise
read
receive
reckon
recommend
refuse
reign
rejoice
relate
remain
remember
remind
repair
repay
repeat

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

ABABIO. PBOKDHOIATIOli

C^

J

t

la ib

sabb

haddar

mana

taqaddam

wa ad

lafaz

najah

jarr

dafa

hatt

tamtur

rafa

qara

istalam

hasib

wagsa ala

rafad

malak

farih

haddatb

baqi

tadhakkar

dhakkar

rammam, §

aufa

karrar

Vowel eounds : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle; au = owi;
Dotted consonants, h, d, 9, t, ^, hard.

VOCABULARIES.

63

EtiaiiisH,

Ababio.

PnONUNOlATION.

reply-

< 'jU-

jawab

rest

'^y^\

istara^

return {trms.)

^J^

<.arja'

return (inirans.)

::frj

raja'

ride

^J

rakib

ring (bell)

3^

daqq

rise

r^

qam

riib

^y

farak

run

U^J

rakad

. run away

^jl.

harab

save

t^.£J-

khallas

say

Jl^

qal

see

(_jli.

shaf

seize

CSj'j-^

•
masak

select

^....JsxA

intakhab

sell

b

ba'

send

d^}

arsal

send back

, W

rajja'

sew

. ,W:^

khaiyat

share

cSp

sharak

shave

d^

halaq

shoot

qauwas

shut

i-j

sadd

sing

ghanna

sit

Sxi

qa'ad

sleep

' r^

1
nam

smell

» A

r

shamm

Vowel aounda: hat, fath
Dotte

er, bit, machine, put, rul
d comonanta, h, d, $, t, ?,

e, aisle ; au =0W in cow.
hard.

ei

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

Engmbh.

Arabic.

PBONnNOIAaHOH,

smoke

J^^

dakhkhan

sneeze

w^

'atas

speak

^

takallam

spend

^^

saraf

spoil (corrupt)

U^\

atlaf

spoil (rob)

s-^

nahab

stand

l-jjj

waqaf

starve

i}4^ ^ ^^

mat m.in-1-ju

stay

ciX.

makath

steal

Jr-

saraq

stop (trans.)

^}

waqqaf

stop (intrans.)

^Jij

waqaf

study

U"j'^

daras

suffer

r^

ta'allam

suggest

jj,\

ashar

swallow

^

bala

s-wear

L^U.

halaf

swim

^"J

sabah

take

A-^l

akhadh

take care

^^

i'tana

taste

S^

dhaq

teach

&

allam

tear

or*

mazzaq

tell

Jli

qal

thank

Jj.

shakar

think

^\

iftakar

throw away

ur*^

ram a

Vowel sound i: hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle; au = owiti
Potted comonants, h, ^, §, t, z, hard.

ENSI/ISH,

translate

travel

tread

try

tui* round

understand

use

wait

walk

want

warm

warn

wash

waste (lavish)

watch

water

wear (^ut on)

weigH

wet

whip

whisper

whistle

win

wipe

wish

work

worship

WV^HESUUAmtS.

Arabic.

Peonunoiation.
tar jam

safar

(jA/lj

das

jarrab

,\.

dar

fahim
ista mal

J^

sabar

mash a

ihtaj

sakhkhan

nabbah

^JOM^

ghassal

asraf
sahir

t

saqa
labis

wazan
ball

jJ^

jalad

washwash
?affar

rabih
masah

%\

arad

,^x^\

ishtaghal

s^

'abad

65

Vowel sounds: hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle; au = ow in cow.
Dotted consonants, h, cl, s, t, ?, liard.

Arable Self- Tmght B

66

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

Fnghsh.
wound

wrap

write

yawn

yield (produce)

yield (surrender)

PBOHUNOCLTiON

jarah

laff

katab

tathawab

antaj

kbada

Vowel sounds : hat, fatlier, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = ow in coi
Dotted consonants, h, d, s, t, z, hard.

In Hue wrapper, 2/- each.
In red cloth, 2/6 each.

MARLBOROUGH'S SELE -TAUGHT SERIES. — Tourists, traveUei
and other visitors to the Near East ■will find the following Volumes in this Seri
of the greatest service, viz. —

Turkish Self-Taught.

Egyptian (Arabic) Self-Xanght.

Greek (Modern) Self- Taught.

For those going further afield there are corresponding Manuals of Persia;

Hindustani, and Tamil (each 8/- and 2/6), Burmese (6/- and 6/-), and Japane

(2/- and 2/6) ; and other Oriental languages are in course of preparation.
Most of the books in the Series contain an outline of the Grammar of tl

language , the following, however, are separate Yolumes of Grammar : —
Hindustani Grammar Self-Taught. In ihie ivrapper, 2/- ; red cloth, 2/6
Tamil Grammar Self-Taught. ,, ,, 4/- „ ^, 5/.

Japanese Grammar SeU-Taught. ,, ,, 4/- ,, ,, 5/-

The two Volumes of Hindustani are also hound in one, cloth 5/- ; similar!

the double Volumes of Tamil and Japanese respectively can be obtained bound

cloth at 7/6 each.

Of all Boolcsellem nl home or abroad. Cat aloc/ue free from the Publishers-
E. Maulhorouoti & Co., 51 Old Bailet, London, E.G.

OUTLINE OF GEAMMAE.

Arabic grammar treats of —

Etymology, i__J»>i2ll al-sarf, the soienoe of the formation of words, and
Syntax, ./srul al-nahu, the seienoe of the formation of sentences.

The Arabs have only three parts of speech —

I, i^y^ al-ism, the tioun.
II.» (JjtsJl al-fl 1, the verb.
III. (_J.^1 al-harf, the particle.

The noun. ' includes the following seven forms : —
1. •i,Ji\ al-ism, the noun or substantive.
1. .*^,«flJl al-damir, the personal pronoun.

3. j.lill *»j) istn-1-isharah, the demonstrative pronoun.

4. ijy^y^W *^11 al-ism-1-mausul, the relative pronoun.

5. *\.^ii-j^^ .*-j^ ism-1-istifham, the interrogative pronoun.

6. *i«a!i *>jl.ism-l-§ifah, the adjective,

7< t)^l *.ol ism-l-'adad, the numeral adjective.

I. THE NOUN.
The Arabs classify nouns as follows : —
[a) A-»l:»- t,J\ ism jamid, primitive noun.

(i) ^yJij.-* t,.J\ ism musEtaqq, derived noun (from verbs or nouns).
("«) JJ-s.'* *-)! ism mujarrad, noun of root-letters only,
{d) •^^'f* *~j1 ism mazid, noun which is augmented by one or more

letters, servile * or auxilictry.
(«) Ail *-ii ism 'alam, proper noun, to which the article Jl al is
never prefixed^

' See page 76.

68 ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

(/) ij'^s>- *-sl ism jins, vommon noun, whicli may be eifher —
J^ a-jI ism ain, noun denoting concrete object, or
,X!e « *-j1 ism ma na, noun denoting an abstract idea.

Primitive Noun.

A primitive noun, whicli is always a substantive, is one w
has a pure root-form and is not derived from any verbal roo'
Js»- ■ rajul, man, i5>^» « musa, ra%or, J.^ -a-j safp/jal, quince.

Derivative Noun.

A derivative noun is one which is constructed from a verb
noun-root by the addition of one or more of the ten servile letti
as jX-^ Islam from *Lj salima (A« is free from defect), and ma;
either substantive .or adjective. There are fourteen derive
nouns —

1. jiX«3.4Jl Mui\ ism-1-masdar, noun of action or infinitive, as (_

darb, strildng, from iLj'^ daraba, he siruch ; <>■! ili suhii
ease, from iJf^S: sahula, to be at ease; jIajCUjI istighfar, as
forgiveness, from^,iAx»:i istaghfara, he ashed forgiveness.

2. JiUIl ^\ ism-l-fa 11, noun of agent or active participh

'—jj^ darib, one who beats, from iJi/.<s daraba, he beat.

3. J^*i^i *^1 ism-1-maf'ul, noun of object or pasBiTe partiei

as L_J^)-a^ madrub, one who is beaten.

4. i^Ujji^ (_^LC^I »«j) ism-1-makan wal-zaman, noun of place

time, as t_-,«i^ mal'ab, place or time of play, from ,_

la iba, he played.

3. ill I *^1 ism alah, noun of instrument, as J'iU mibrad.

from jpf he filed; ^liii^ miftah, key, from 'JCi fataha

I ; AXLi.^,. miknasah, broom, from ^J^ kanasa, he su

' See page 76.

OUTLINE OF GRAMMAR. 69

6. 'if%Jl *^1 ism-1-marrah, noun of unity, which expresses the

doing of an action once. It, is formed from triliteral verbs,
as i.ij^ darbah, one Mow, from t_J^ daraba, he strwh,

7. f *^1 («*»1 ismrl-nau , noun of kind and manner, as i^. rikbah,

manner of riding, from t_--^ . rakiba, he rode.

8. ^g^^\ jSta^\ al-ma?dar-l-mimi, noun of action with j, m,

as (jla-^ mantiq, speaking, from ^jlaj nataqa, he spohe.

9. ^.*)t>aJl *-)! ism-l-ta?ghlr, diminutive noun, as L.~^lli kulaib,

a Utile dog, from i_-TJi kalb, a dog.
10. J.£U!l A-ib di^2.iiJl iR.^\ al-sifat-1-mushabbahat bism-1-fa'il,
adjective resembling noun of agent, as ^^i- hasan, handsome,
from ,%^s>. hasuna, he is handsome ; ./♦>&- 1 ahmar, red, from
C4,&., ^« is ?•«(?; jJi-o saiyid, master, from jl^' sada, ^« *•«?«(?.

1. J-,rfiiJl *«j1 ism-1-tafdil, noun of superioi'ity for the com-

parative and superlative degrees, as (jj"*j»-^ ahsan, more
handsome, ^^.=^.^1 al-ahsan, most handsome, both from ^^i>~
hasan, handsome.

2. <UlL*ll *-:! ism-1-mubalaghah, noun of excess (to expreaa

intensity), as .lai ghaffar, one who pardons much, from 4^-c
ghaflr, pardoner.

3. (J**ij Jyts fa ul wa fa'il. The two forms may be. either

noun of agent, as ii-.i sabur, patient, {j^_j-^ marid, side, or
noun of object, as J5"0 rasul, apostle, *=^=r j^r'^t, wounded.

4. t-Jj**,;,^' *w;^\ al-ism-1-mansub, relative adjective, which is

formed by affixing ij^ to the noun, as J^i rajul, man,
becomes rJ^j rajuli, manly ; ^^/^.i shams, sun, becomes
i%»ii,i shamsl, solar; J-i^J^ ingliz, English, becomes C£\JiSj\
inglizi, English (adjective).

70

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

Personal Pronouns.

Personal pronouns are either separate or suffixed. The Sept
Personal Pronouns, <d„ii«^l^^U-.^\, have the folio-wing formi

JSToMiNATivE Case.

Sing. Dual. Pltjr.

1 st pers.

2nd pers. masc.

fern.
3rd pers. masc.

fern.

1st pers. . .
2nd pers. masc.

fern.
3rd pers. masc.

fem.

^^

Accusative Case,

Sing.

Dual.

Pluk.

u

The Suffixed ov Annexed Personal Pronouns, <d«aj;^^ .;
when attached to a noun or preposition denote the genitive (
but when attached to a verb they denote the accusative (
They have the following forms ; —

Sing.

1st pers. to noun . . ^— -

to verb . . _)

2nd pers. masc. to both c.ii

fem. ,, lLT

3rd pers. masc. ,, .>

fem. ,, U

Dual.

Pluk

u

U

u

U

u^

r^

vJ

:.^

Ui>

r^

Ui,

,!.&

OUTLINE OF GRAMMAR

71

The Annexed Personal Fronouns which are attached to verbs
only have the following forms and denote the nominative case : —

Sing. Dual. Plur.

1st pers iZJ \j li

2nd pers. masc. . . lU

fern. . . CJ

3rd pers none

Dual.

ExSmpU of Personal Pronouns attached to the noun l—i\:^ (book).

Ist pers. . .
2nd pers. masc.

fem.
3rd pers. masc.

fem.

SiNO.

Dual.

Pluk.

^a

\^

The English of the above is :

Sing. Dual;

1st pers. my look our boolc

(when two are
'., speaking)'

and so forth.

Pluk.

our look ■

(when three and

more are speaking)

Example oj Personal Pronouns attached to the verb t_^-^ (he struck),

denoting the Accusative Case.

1st "pers. . .
2nd pers. masc.

fem.
3rd pers. masc.

fem.

Sing.

Dual.

Pluu.

,j.<tf

U^

ir^

6

t2

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

The English of the above is :

SiNO. 1)CAL. Vlvr.

1st pars. he struck me he struck 'us he struck us
and so forth.

Example of Personal Pronouns annexed to the vefh i
demoting the Nominative Case.

■ V

,-a (he struc

1st pers, . ,
2nd pers. maso.
fem.
3rcl pers. masc.

fem.

SiKG.
. .. '' •

"' o -

Dual.

u.

(pron. understood)

'^-^{r"

\ii.^

Pluk.

PC

c-v-^

(pron. understood ; i^^ is the

CJ is the sign of fem.) sign of fen

The English of the above is :

SiNO. Dual. Pluh.

1st pers. / have struck we have struck we have struck
etc., etc.

Example of Personal Pronouns attached to the preposition ^ (froi

S1N8. Dual.

1st pers, . .

2nd pers. masc.

fem.
3rd pers. masc.

fem.

The English of the above is :

Sing.

1st pers from me

etc., etc.

Dual.
from us

Pluu.

Pluk.
from us

OUTLINE OF GRAMMAR, 73

Demonstrative Pronouns.

;■ This (the near object).

Maso. £'em.

Sing It> ^, U, ij, i^J, iJ

( nom i-'^J ,.,lj'

Dual ^ .. ^^,

( gen., ace. . . ^^^J ^^ij

Plur J)'i or 41 ^j4 or *l'^

This simple demonstrative pronoun may have the particle \si>,
I
or oftener the defective J^, prefixed to it, as :

Maso. Fem.

Sing IvSiA l/^* ) /i^

( nom 1.)^ j"-*! LL)^

Dual ' ^<, '^ , ,

( gen., aoc ^^j Afi. ^^A

Plur ^fyS» *^|a

77iai! (the middle and distant object).
Maso. Fism.

Sing (Jj\j, tlsJj t!XJ, liyij, l!31?

Plur. . . . lLJ;5i/\ or dSi!\ lL^}}\ or iL'S^l

Relative Pronouns.

fVho, which, thai.

Maso. Fsm.

Sing s/J>^'l ^^

I nom ^^itX-AJl ^i^-w\

\ gen., ace (j^;!'^-^' iji;'-^''

Plur (^iA^\ ^P\ or J^'r^^

or * ill for both masc. and fem.

74

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

Other relative pronouns are : ^;i he or she who ; U thflt wh
^\ (A*T fem.) he who, she who, whoever; ^^V he who, she
whosoever ; \Xj\ that which, whatsoever.

Interrogative Pronouns.

^ who? iSt (iJ\ fem.) whof U what? (and wten jo
with the demonstrative lo becomes stronger, ijl.«, what ther
''A how much f

Numeral Adjectives.

1. The Cardinal Numbers.

The cardinal numbers from 1 to 10 have the following f(
and are declinable. Sxova. 3 to 10 they take the fem. form v
the objects numbered are masc. gender, and conversely
masc. form when the objects numbered are fem.

Maso. .

Fem.

Masc.

]

1

0.

5 (6)

6 (T)

L:

2

(r)

ul^l

1 ^M

7 (v)

8 (a)

(
^

3

(r)

j;jij

9 (1)

t^:

J

4

(O

tO^

&^M

10 (!•)

>£

ii

The numbers from 11 to 19 are indeclinable and have
following forms : —

Masc. ~ Fem.

12(ir) jiilLJl, %JLs\sdi

OUTLINE OF GRAMMAR.

75

Mabc.

13 (ir)

;.i.i ajij

14 (li)

;ii k^^\

15 (le)

16 (M)

17 (iv)

JJUJ^ ^^^*Mi

18 (ia)

;ii aiuUj

Pem.

..-'*..' ^ C X

19 (11)

v~

The numbers 20 - 90 are declinable. Tbeir forms are :

20 jTj^jifi, 30 ^rijjO, 40 uyHJ\, 50 ^2,>Li,i-, eo Qp^,

70 (2)}«r^) 80 jjiiUJ, 90 (^lixw, in the nominative case. In the
dccTisative and genitive cases the ^^jy changes into ^;, as ^jjUs-.
100 Ul* or IL., 200 ^.l^U, 300 |Jl« (ijO, 400 |.?L. ^ij\,
600 OU , jL^, 600 ijU l..:L^..i, 700 iJU i^, 800 ^U , jU3,

900 pU ^;l;, 1,000 i-^M, 2,000 ^U^t, 3,000 uJllT ^Ij,

100,000 i^jyi OU, 1,000,000 i_a!3t i-Jjt.

2. The Ordinal Numbers.

The ordinal number 1 has the form Jii , the numbers from 2
upwards have the form of the noun of the agent, JxU, and
are as follows : —

Maso.

Fem.

1

^

.J.^

2

- .^^

•v-i-
4i"

l5-

3

clllJ

^i3-

t^l3

^K

5 iiM-;<U>- 4Lul.^l£>-

Maso.

Fem.

6

u~^^

^Jli

7

t^^^

J-

8

tj^"^

<iv«lj

9

^-^ilii

10

_iU

i'-;^u

76 ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

11 jjLi t^jli (masc), jJAjj Aj,-^^^ (fern.), etc., etc.

For " in the seventh year a.d." you say JjL/»jJ ^«~j ^.^v-j J

IS*

3. Distributive Numerals

have the following forms : JI.&-1 om« ly one, ^J^ or ^lij twc
two, c^iiJi or i^Sij three by three, ■^j^ or cIjJ /owr % /
'.ilji;* or 'ti.i <»» Jy <m.

II. THE VERB.

Most of the Arabic verbs are triliteral verbs ( "J))j), i.e. tl

-root-forms have only three letters ; but there are also a good m;

quadriliteral verbs (/LcU ,), whose root-forms have four letters

Both have many derived forms, through the addition to tl
root-form of one, two, or three servile letters (which are ten
number and together form the word I^j^Uj you have asked
about them). All increase in verbs and nouns is effected by me
of these letters,

Arab grammarians have only three tenses, including
imperative, whichjbhey call a tense. These three tenses are —

1. |_5-«t» madi, past tense, which European grammarians

perfect or preterite tense.

2. c ,L.a..« mudari', present or future tense, which Europ

grammarians call imperfect or aorist tense.

3. j^\ amr, imperative tense.

{a) Triliteral verbs (.^ihW JJ.s.'^l) have the following
measures, giving the above thi-ee tenses : —

OUTLINE OF

GRAMMAR.

Js5i

Jaa;

Jii

(1)

JJl

J**j

J^

(2)

J^l

Ji^;

Jiii

(3)

:».

J^/'

J*^

(4)

J3

JaIj

Jil

(5)

J,Sl

j*»^

J«

(6)

77

Note that the verb J.ii he has done is commonly used as the
model, because the 3rd pars. maso. sing., preterite, active, is
the root-form of the verb, whence the first radical of the triliteral
verb is called lel\ (the fa), the second ^-^^^ (the 'ain), and the
third A^\ (the lam).

(J). The derived forms fronl the triliteral verb (J^jilill '^^J'*!!)
are ten in number. These forms, as well as those derived from
the quadriliteral verbs, express various modifications of the idea
conveyed by the root-form. The following are the derived forms
of the triliteral verb, giving from right to left the past, present or
future, imperative, noun of action, active participle, and passive
participle of the verb j£Ji , he has .

D^^

Jli^

JiJi-

Jl^

Jl^

^

(1)

M^

Jil^A

:m

j;l5

Jj'^^l

Jii-

(2)

y^^

J:^

m

Jj^

Jd!

(3)

jSHj;

3s^^

3^

:^^

j!i£j

jSii

(4)

^UiA

jjUi;

55lif

j5ii^

J5l%

3ii*'

(5)

\y^

"^i-s*

Ml

Jbij

Juli;

a^i

(6)

JiiiU

Jxxh

jiiJi

J,a^

lijA;

(7)

none

jil^

34.

Ji^i

J^^

D^i

(8)

78

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

1 ''■^

jjii^ J^iill:.^ I]\i3."^\ d¥^\ i}i^l
none '^\^ JS^V'l ^1^\ JVil;

(c) The quadriliteral verb (^^-V/^ "v • '^ ^^'^

^^^ Jisdi; MsJ " Jiki Jl^^

((?) The derived quadriliteral verbs (/^U^.jl
three forms :

juk; ^3l^^ i!)^" ^"^ J^H

^,k;. jii.^ jM[ jii.rii^ jji.;i.

Jijti^ jiiil4 jiixM j^^l cM**j

J^l (
only one foi

Joj^l) h

Z^i^l

III. THE PARTICLES,
1. Prepositions.

< > in, at, hi/.

CL> hy (in an oath), as alllj'
J to, for.
i iy 'in an oath).
CJ as, like.

J^

to.

0)

till,

up to.

J^

over,

above,

etc.

liJ^

from

, after

for

4

in, into.

l^SJ W)«i!A

«-/« with,
^ of, from.

^U

or X. s>«tfe.

k

between.

^Ul

before.

J.^'

after. /

e^^

M»(fe?-.

J)^

/•0M»(? about.

, ^ti.

behind.

■%

with.

Ji5

for.

9-^

above.

Jii i«/bre (time).

',&

before (place)

I particle of interrogation.
ju and I .'iri to express the

future of the verb in the

aorist tense.
J certainly.
"jl andlJl lo!

OUTLINE OF GRAMWIAR.

2. Adverbs.

Jj nay. hut.

79

ijl certainly.

'i.

L5

.Jj yes.

i-j there.
)sA3 only.
bJ lefore (past tense\ now

liii or lIXJ Ai likeioise.

j-'ii when ?
j»*i ye«.

Etc., etc.

3. Conjunctions.

t and t—i and.

p <A«».

*1 and ji or.

'^ and ^^L) OT ()?•(?«»• that

y !!A«!!.

^^ "■'

:b,if-

bi a« long as.

4.

Interjections.

i«fi 0/

J\fie!

■j»li come here!

^ hush!

l^ii far from it!

U 0/(in God! etc.).

l|i wff^e haste!

^_j woe to 1

«r weZ; .(?o«e .^

ilj!\% Iring here !

80 ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

SYNTAX (ysi}\).

The signs of the declensions for the four cases are either vc
or letters.

I. The Nominative Case has four signs—
1. S. (a) in the singular of the noun, as J-f^^\ ^\^ the man i

(5) in the irrogular plural, as (J^^^\ *l^ the men came.

(c) in the regular feminine plural, as <_ljli^^\ cuAs^
believers (fern.) came.

id) in the present-future tense of the verb, when not
IS annexed to its last letter, as (Jsj- Jl ^J-«i) the
strikes or will strike (this being really the indici
mood).
2 J (a) in the regular masculine plural, as (_^.v,.<»/«Jl ^\s^
helievers came.

(i) in the following five nouns: t_ji JatJier, ^1 bro
y^b~ father-in-law, i%i mouth, ^'^ owner; as cLXjI
CJ^ ij-^^ JUjJ. Cjy^£^^ lL^£s-'; iky father
and thy brother and, thy father-in-law and the ownt
wealth, and thy mouth spoke,

3. 1 in the dual nouns, as ^jL..^^l >l?- the two believers camt

4. ^ in the present-future tense of the verb, when the pers

pronoun of either the dual, or the plural, or
singular of the second person feminine is annexe
the verb; as ij^-'j^^i ^:>-jl\ the two men strik

OUTLINE OF GRAMMAR. 81

will strike, ^^.-AJ ^^b'>-l.^!l the tioo loomen strike or
will strde, Qy^^^ jW"j!' '^'* "'«** strilce or will strih,
\^)i^''' I**'' V^ strike or will strike, /J^-waj' iju-jl thou
(fern.) strikest or w?/^ strike.

II. The Accusative Case has five signs —

1. — («) in the singular noun, as Jr^Jl ui-J^-i I struck the man.

(b) in the irregular plural, as Jl=r^M '■^^-» I struck the men.

(c) in the present-future tense of the verb, when nothing

is annexed to its last letter, and when it is influenced
by a word which governs the accusative, as Cj^.' J
he will never strike.

2, — in the regular feminine plural, as C^'L^l, ^L.Jl lU*-Ij^

the women came riding,

8. \ in the five nouns (<— j1, ^1, etc.), as LLilii-l "-i^^Jj I saw thy
Iroth&r.

4, ij in the regular masculine dual and plural nouns, as

^«lr»-.!l Ui^.;l J / saw the ttvo men, ^^i^»/»]i i-l^jji
/ saw the helievers.

5, Suppression of the (^ of the declension in the five verbs

^_j^,, uV;"^-''- W;■y=^ (bi-j-^' ^^^ H'-^^-j-^'' ^'^i<=^
become b^.-aJ, ^ry^-'j ^i^;*^.-'. ' V/^' ^°*^ u?'>'*^'' ' ^^
Usj-.J J ^A(?y <wo ««;«/? never return. Observe" a super-
fluous alif is added to the third and fourth, called the
guarding alif (<);_il Ji^.li cJJl) or the separating alif
(ii^UJl i-jilill), which, however, disappears when
a pronoun is annexed, and is never pronounced.

^ratioSelf-TaagM ^

82 ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

Ill, The Genitive Case has three signs—

\.-:-{a) in the declinable singular noun, as <_jii.C\ 4 CJ
/ read in the book,
ib) in the declinable irregular plural noun, as JU-_;U c:-

/ said to tlte men.
ic) in the regular plural feminine noun, as cpU^.-tU c:-
l said to the believers (fern.).
2. -1. in the imperfectly declined noup, as Sa.s^'^ <;:^Xi I said

Ahmad.
8. o W in tlie five nouns (i__.'\, ^1, etc.), as lL^!o^ CUj
I passed thy father,
(b) in the dual noun, as ^y.iKW: i-^jj-^ I passed the '.

unbelievers.
(e) in the plural regular noim, as j^-.i...A)u .ci-*,^.-* / jBffs

IV. The Apocopative or Jussive Case ( ^:>-) has three signi

1 .'t. in the present-future tense of the verbs ending with Btr(
letters (when not joined to expressed pronouns in
nominative case), as tl-V*^ (*' -^ ^^^ ""^ strike.

2. Suppression of ^ in the five verbs (see above, II, 5), as Ij-
do not (ye two) strike.

3.. Suppression of weak letters, ^Yhen verbs end in such and
not joined, to an expressed pronoun in the nominal
case, as j_/t-»J' i-ll did you not toalkf

' (Jodditional and imiierative moods, ov verbs following the apooopntive partii

OUTLINE OF GRAMMAR. 88

1. The Nominative Case (^J^^-

The following are in this case : —

1. The subject of the sentence (1 jiii43l), as ilv jj Ly^\ sleep is
pleasant.

2. The predicate of the sentence (j^^s'l), as 2\i Sj j Zaid is

3. The agent of the sentence ( J^lill), as Sjj ^l^ Zaid came.

4. The substitute for the agent (Jxlill i_^'b), subject of
a passive verb, as 5jj ULt^.-i Zaid loas beaten.

5. The subject of i^\i and its sisters, as UUa.» JlfJl ^Ji the day
was dark.

6. The predicate of ^] and its sisters, and of J (the absolute
negative); as l£^\j ^S)\ ^1 verily Zaid is riding, fj'.i (j\jl>j\ i!
thre is no man coming.

7. The present-future tense when not governed by particles
nor followed by a fem. ^^ or an emphatic ^; as jk^^^Ul l^-.C
(Jiu,»\!l the pupil writes the lesson.

8. ITouns or adjectives in apposition to nominatives ^^\y
CjUjij.-*.!!), as L;S^\ iJ-t}^ *^" the generous man came.

5 2. The Accusative Case (i — ■^^).

\

The following are in the accusative case : —

1. Noun of action as absolute object (^lk*!l J^/tA-wl), as
v)>ij ^jl^ he struoh a striking, i.e. he assuredly struck.

2. Noun of object of the transitive verb (^J J^.ti^l), as
(_,wj«l( i_l.-i' he rode the horse, ^c^.j-^ he struck me (the annexed
personal pronoun being the objective complement).

84 ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

3. Adverbial noun of time and place (i^ J^xi-*!'), with
meaning as if it were preceded by the preposition iS in,
l^-L^ ^\:>- he came in the morning, (c'*""' (t^\ *^^ ^« oame he
the judge, or into his presence.

4. Adjectival noun of state or condition ( Jlsll), which n
always be indefinite and derived, standing at the end of
sentence, as l^^, j-^^^i '\i^ the prince came riding.

5. Noun of specification (t«-,-«,-Jl) is always a common n
explaining something that is uncertain as regards the substanci
relation of a thing, as U-^SJa , i_?,i-il he hought a pound of br
Ifl ii.i . "JS Zaid is honourable as regards Ms father.

6. Vocative noun (^<3U/».!1) when it is a proper nc
singular, then it is put in the nominative case, as JiJ : u Za
but when it is not it takes the accusative, as 1?- . b man /

7. Noun of action of cause or reason (td Jixi^l), as C
b»ri- he Jled from fright.

8. Noun of object following • having the meaning of t
(*iX ^J^.^^i.^]\), as fjM.'^s}\'^ J^^l *U>- the prince came loith the ar

9. The noun which is excepted (^ili^AJl) by means of
;ix, ^5-f, !c\c, ii, lil^ ; as SSij % i^ll\ lli the peoples
except Zaid. «

10. The predicate of ^ and of its sisters, as 1.15 U j.^ ;
Zaid was standing.

11. The subject of j?,| and of its sisters, as ^i-^lj IIj:
verily Zaid is riding.

12. The subject of li the absolute negative, as f J^ls ,:,l.^3l I

l.S, Nouns of adjectives in apposition to accusatives (
hys.:^\), as JJiUll i.yj c:_,.l , I saw Zaid the teise.

t

OUTLINE OF GRAMMAR. 85

3. The Genitivk Case {j4^).

1 . Genitive by prepositions : whenever a noun is preceded by
any of the following prepositions it is put in the genitive case :

;iy.*'Jl'^^f> J^.4' ^-j. V' ^' J'i. ^*' '^-^^ "^^^ ^^>
^_5'**-) ,_5^ > ^•^1 ^^^, ^-il:>- ; as jiikll ^ 77 j^ ^* ^^"^ out from
the home.

2. When two nouns are in construction (or annexation),

i.e. follow each other, and the second depends on the first, the

second is put in the genitive case, i.e. takes kusra (— ) ; as

Jsfj tL>Vi> the look of a man, J.5f-Jl dJ^ the look of the man.

Note that in such a construction or annexation the first noun

.1
never takes the article J 1 although it is understood.

3. Nouns in apposition to genitives take the genitive case,
»-lax)' (J.^^1 (4-Jto the look of the great man.

The Verb in Syntax.

1. The past tense (preterite) is indeclinable and has always
fatha {^) over the last letter, as lLs-^^ he struck.

2. The imperative tense is' also indeclinable and has always
jasm (-i.) over the last letter, as Jiil kill.

3. The present-future tense (aorist) has always one of the four
servile letters \, ^j, (_?, CLJ prefixed to it. It is limited to the
present when preceded by the emphatic J , the negative U , or the
verb (^11 , and to the future when preceded by Jw for the near
future, or < i'^ for the remote future.

It is always in raf (_£.) nominative case, or, as we should say,
indicative mood ; as ^L^d^ he writes, or he will virite, except when

86 ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

influenced by (a) one o£ the ton accusative particles preceding
which are: ^V,I , ^}, 0\, ^i , the J of ^^, the negative
j_jSi£., and the <-j,j,^\, when preceding the apodosis (t^^^
when the tense takes the accusative case, or, as we should s
when it is in the subjunctive mood ; or (b) when the aorisi
influenced by jasm i±.) preceded by one of the apocopat
particles, which are : O , UJ , IJl , ll3I , the J of command i
entreaty, the il of forbidding and entreaty, ^^\, bi, ^^, U^
l.ijl. c/\, j:., ^r^Lff, ^t, J\, UL^, UH, and l3V
poetry. [In a conditional sentence of tTTo clauses, the verb
the first is called )sJMi\ Jjti , the protasis, and that of the sec(
)o JilS t__>U^, the apodosis.J

To the Student.

In order to turn the following exercises to the greai
advantage, it is recommended that the student should learn tl
by heart, repeating each sentence aloud, with the aid of
phonetic transcription in the third column, until it can be spo
readily and easily, and the ear has grown accustomed to the sou
Copying the sentences out will greatly facilitate learning. E
section should in this way be mastered in turn, and this app
eq^ually to the conversational sentences on pp. 97-124.

After learning a section or group of sentences, the Eng
words should be written down and the Arabic equivalents ad
from memory. The result can then be checked by reference
the book.

By following the above method, a great amount of us(
practice will be obtained in speaking, reading, and writing Ara
whilst at the same time much conversational matter of a praot
and valuable character -will be acquired.

EXERCISES ON THE GEAMMAR.

EHGIilSH.

I Have reeeived a letter
He lost his watch
His friend gave it to him
You were not diligent
You have been drink-
ing again
I was about to begin
• my journey [horse
He did not bring the
He has not long left us

I was very late

You did not know of
his arrival v[abrsent ?

How long wSs he

He promised to come
in an hour [promise ?

Has he forgotten his

She was always
punctual

The Preterite Tense.

ASABIO.

6

^'^.cImo cU^I

^ly c^\^ ^y>

Pbonunoiahon.
wasalni maktiib
ada a sa atuh
a tahii lyaha sahibi
ma kuata mujtahidE
udta ila-1-shurb

hamamtu bian abc

bisafrati
lam yuhdir-il-hisan
ma ghab anna mu(

dah awilah
ana kuntu mnt'a-

kliiran jiddan
iaa kan lak ilm biwi

sulihi [ban

kam labath aghay
wa ada an yahdar

ba d sa ah
a-nasiya- wa dahu ?
hiya ■ka.nat tura i-

1-mT ad dayiman

Vowel sounds: hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle; au =ow in cow.
Dotted cmsonambs, li, d, 9, t, 7, hard.

(87)

88

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

English.
We lived in a house,

not in a tent
They have always

resided near the city
You have heen stealing

again
1 went to (the) church

this morning
AVho was there ?
The bishop preached

an eloquent sermon
The collection amounted

to ten pounds
With the sum they

bought a bell for the

church
The doctor was not at

home [garden

His wife was in the
Did you tell her to

send the doctor as

soon as he returns ?
Tes, and she gave me

this medicine
You have done well
What have you done

to-day ?

Ababic.

j-iilU A^^lil

,,L^

<^'tX/*jl ^y*

<iuyJl

i>\A

idicj i^rJa-fll lac.

4 L_,^l ^/i |J

Pbonunciatios.
sakanna baitan

khaimatan
kull iqamathum

qurb mini-l-ma{
'udta ilas-sirqah

dhahabtu ila-l-ka

sah hadha-s-sab
man kan hunak ?
wa az-al-mutran

wa zah fasilia^
balaghat-il-lammi

asharat iTrat
ishtaru bil - mab

jarasan lil-kanl;

lam yakun il-d

fil-bait [bi

kanat zaujatu f
a-kult laha an tu

il-tabib halam!

yarja' ?
na am waa tatni

hadha-1-dawa
fa alta hasanan
madha amilt-al-

yaum ?

Vowd aoimda . hat, father, bit, machlue, put, rule, aisle ; au = ow in c
Dotted consonants, h, 4, $, t, ^, hard.

EXERCISES ON THE GRAMMAR.

English.
I sold all my goods
Has he paid you for it ?
I have heard a strange

story to-day from the

muleteer

Ababio.

u

Peohunoiation.

hi t bida'ati kulla

haldafa lakhaqqa

ana samitu-1-ya

qu§|ah gharibah

min -il-mukari

I like riding

You prefer walking

He eats very little in

the evening
She sleeps long

He waUcs in his sleep
We like our breakfast
; in the open
You will never foHow

my advice
I never ride donkeys

She hates lies

They will have rainy

weiaither tO'day
He cooks well
I want a glass of water
Do you wish to drink

a glass of wine ?

The Aorist Tense.

4 1^*- J-li J^b ^

JJ^J9 SlX^ *Uj ^Ji

>-

\Sls

'-X

.\^-j _ tXJ t_JjS*j Jay I

ana uhibb-ul-ruku'
anta tuf addil-ul-ma
huwa yakul qalll

jiddan fil-masa
hiya tanam mudc
tawllah [naum
huwa yamshi fi
nahnu nuhibb-ul-

futur fil-khala
anta la tattabi na

hati abadan
ana la arkabu-l-han
aslan [kadi

hiya tabghudu-1-
sayakun lahum al-

yaum matar
huwa yatbukh jaiyi
urid kas ma
a-turid tashrab qadi
nabidh ?

Vmoel sounds : hatj father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = o w in cow
Doited consonaiUs, h, d, §, t, ^, hard.

90

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

Ababic.

She prefers a cup of

cofEee . [now

They will not dine just
I shall not employ him

any more '

Will you not help mc

to pitch the tent ?
He -win go to the

market next -week
We respect others
Why will you not come

■with me ? [you

They are laughing at
I will follow you
She will remain hehind
When the clock strikes

seven waken me
She has not finished

her dinner yet
It is time to go to had

(time of sleep)
Tou are strong
She is ill
England is a great

country
The Arabs like the

English

^^

J,J1 J\

<Ji>

L-pI'VD

iUUl

^

J^'c;-^

IJOl

liT*

iU

'J J

u

^y^\

Pbokdnciation.
hiya tufaddil fir

qahwah [i

la yaridii yatghai
la astakhdimhu f

ba'd abadan
halla tusa idni fl

nasb-il-khaimah
huwa yadhhab il
suq al-jum a-l-qad
nahu riukrim-ul-g]
limadha la turld

taji ma i?
hum yadhaku ala
ana atba ak
hiya tatkhallaf
hin taduq-iil-sa ah

sab an sahhini
ma faraghat min

gbada'iha ba d
sar waqt-ul-naum

anta qawi
hiya maridah
bilad-ul-ingliz ms

lakah azTifiah
aulad-ul-'arab

yahubbun-al-ing

Vowel sounds: hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle; au = ow in cot
Dotted conaonants, h, d, 9, t, ?, hard.

Engush,
The camel is the
V favourite animal in

Arabia
The road to Jericho is

dangerous
You are right
He is in the wrong

.h

EXERCISES ON THE GRAMMAR. 91

PBONtrNOIATlON,

al-jamal huwa-1-
haiwan-ul-mahhub
fi arahistan
^'^ L^^ (JiJ^^ al-tarlq ila ariha
sIls:* mukhtirah
_ l^\ al-haqq ma'ak
^ty-^ d-^^ al-haqq 'alaih

Aeabio,

L_>^«^ (JfJ

3. The Imperative Mood.

Do not sit

^ijt&j'i

la taq'ud

Go quickly

!Ul^jsJ1

idhhab halan

Do not forget what I

lLO ii\j U Jv.-j ^

la tansa ma qultuhu

told you

. lak

Return here in half an

i_j;-i:J Axj lxa> ■^~>-j\

irja' huna ba'd ni?f

hour

<uLi

sa ah

Do not make me angry

lT?-^' ^

la tughdibni

Let us go to the Mount

{J^=r ^^ t-^i^]

linadhhab ila jabal-

of Olives

ur^J^

■ il-zaitun

Carry this bag on your

jjo: (j^-Cn 1 JJ6 S*^^

ihmil hadha-1-kIs 'ala

.back

CSJi

zahrak

Take these letters to

L_^^'IL»J1 irjjb j^

khudh hadhi-1-maka-

the post

<lk..JT J\

t!b ila-1-bosta

Do you know the name

Hijl, f^\ '—ij-'U (_£;J'V.

yatara ta rif ism

i of thi? village ?

<U^\

hadhi-l-qiryah ?

Clean my saddle

ltO^'-^^-'

nazzif sarji

Bring my rifle

J^jj\j ^.^

jib bariidati

Vomel rounds ; hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = ow in cow.
Dotted eonsonanta, h, d, 9, t, ?, hard.

92

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

Enslish.

Aeabic.

PBONttNOtinoN.

Put the luggage in my

^_ji^.\ ii iJJj^\ Ibi^

hutt-il-'afshfiai

room

Tell the maid to come

J\ ,n^ ■t.jU.^ JJf

qull lilkhadimal

to the drawing-room

^Jiji,^\

tahdar ila-l-dr

Dust the table and the

ijLu^\ (^jiiiJ

nazzifl-1-sufrah

windows

^Ul ^ Lji^.\J^\j

shababik mi;
ghibar

Prepare a dinner for six

iSj^ liXc |_y.<aa-

haddiri ghada lii

persons

^i^\-

ashkhas

Let us sit down and

C_>Uju^ (J/Kti. jj^uI^U

linajlis wa - ns

make out the account

^j?r^

hisab masriiflr

of our expenditure

Cash this cheque

aSib Z*^ ^—'^it

jib qlmat had!

" <J\ J\

hiwalah

Be quick, before the

J*^. ^ i-M* f^-'^

isri qabl an y

bank closes

ti,<lJi

il-bank

4. How the English Potential and Subjunctive M
are expressed in Arabic.

I can read and write

She can ride, but you

cannot
John can lift this box

on his shoulder

ana aqdar aqrs

aktub
hiya taqdar t

wa-amma ants
Hanna y aqdar

hadha-l-sandij

kitfihi

Vowel sounds : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = ow in
Dotted consonants, h, d, 9, t, 7, hard.

EXERCISES ON THE GRAMMAR.

m

Ensush,
We oannot go out to-
day on account of the
: heavy rain
Can you drink sour

milk ?
You may like it
He may go with me to

the Mosque of Omar
It may rain
She can wait
Could I have come

when I told him I

would not ?
They might reject my

advice
You should learn

Arabic
It might help yon
Whyshouldyouneglect

this opportunity ?
Can he have told you

the truth ?

She cannot have seen

him
He might have eaten
■ a little more

^'-r'^A

V

Pbonunoiation.
la naqdar nakhruj

al-yaum bisabab-il-

matar-il-qawi
yatara taqdar tashral

laban ?
rubbama tuhibbuh
yumkinhu yurafiqni

ila-1-hai'am-ish-shai
rubbama tamtur
hiyatastati antasbui
a-qadartu an ajT

lamma quit ' laht

inni la ajT ?
rubbama j'arfudu

nasihati
alaik an tat allaa

al- arabiyah
rubbama tanfa ak
kaif tuhmil hadhi-1

fursah ?
hal min-il-mumfeii

innahu qal laka-1

haqq?
ghairmumkin innalii

ra'athu
kan yumkiu lahu ai

ya'kul akthar qalila:

Vowel sounds : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = ow in cow.
Doited consonants, h, d, s, t, ?, hard.

94

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

Ehcush,
If I strike him he

will complain of me

to the Consul
Unless you work better

I will dismiss you

from my service

Neglecting to take
exercise, he hecame ill

Having received two
pounds, he bought
a new suit of clothes

Grasping my, hand, he
shook it violently

Arabic.

^ J

^^

cJ^M

The Participles.

la:j!) ^jo i^Lc f.i-^

PEONtTNCIATION.

in adribhu yashkuni
ila-1-Cunsul

in lam tashtagil ahsan
fa-arfudak min
khidmati

bi-ihmalihilil-riyadaji
sara maridan

ba'd an akhadh lira-
tain ishtara badlah
jadiduh

biqabdihi ala yadi
hazzaha bishiddah

Have you ever seen

Jerusalem ?
Has she never eaten

pomegranates before ?
This horse not only

kicks, but also shies

He rides remarkably

well
She is truly grateful

The position of Adverbs

Li (juujjil

l«ajl J-*=^ J-' iaJiJ

U

cT""

,^-..

-< •>

Ui-^

(UiJisi- ^j-Cii ^Jb

hal zurtum-ul-kuds

qatt?
a - lam takul rum-

manan aslan?
hadha - 1 - hlsan la

yarfus faqatt bal

yajfal ai(Jan
huwa yarkab alisan

ma yakun [qatan
hiya sbakurah haql-

V<nvel sounds: hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle; au = ow in cow.

EXERCISES ON THE GRAMMAR, 95

English, Ahabic. '' Pronunciation,

Bo I read plainly ?
She dresses beautifully
He writes fast
TKey see me daily
He studies diligently

^juK-JJl ti Jus? |jJ!>

hal aqra bibayan ?
hiya tujid fll-libs
huwa yak tub bisur ah
yauzuruni kull yaum
yadrus bi-ijtihad

7. The Infinitive Mood.

I intended to see you

CJ;^j\ Ji e:-,oy

nawait an azurak

He was happy to see me

., . ^-^^y

fari a li-ru'yati .

She ordered her to cook

\^^^jj\ i^kj \^j^\

amaratha bitabkh-il-

the rice well ;

ruzz jaiyidau

It is right to speak the

t_;lj«a ti-^ . A^^

al-takallum bil-haqq

truth

§awab

I was hoping to receive

iJ\j\-~ ^J\ y>-j\ iJi-^

kuntu arju an anal

a present from you at

S^ i3 lLxX'« tCJb

hibah minka fi id-

Christmas

jU^

il-milad

He intended to buy my

^J ^j:J^ j_,jl

azmaa mushtara

horse yesterday

C^l

far a si amsan

We were expecting

^S'j^.jlsrl^liuiJ \l<

kunna nantazir injaz

you to fulfil your

wa'dakum

promise

To lire in ahot country

al-ma'ishah fi bilad

in the summer is not

j^i. ^.Jl^\ \^

harrah fll-saif ghair

; pleasant

ijys&Mj^

mustatabah

One longs to see rain

L'jJ jUAj J^1\

al-insau yashtaq

h

^Ul

liru'yat-il-matar

foioel sounds : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = ow in cow.
Doited consonants, h, d, 9, t, ?, hard.

96

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

ENGIjISH.

To drink beer in the

heat is injurious to

health
He ought to have paid

me my dues
She is supposed to

know how to cut out
He claims to have

learned English in

six months
To frighten strangers

is very wrong
To steal is sin
To love one's neighbour

is Grod's command

Ababio.

u'

i!

Ls*;^;

,1^

.LO- <U\

^

uXj

^yJl

Pbonunciatios.
shurbu-l-bira fil-harr
mudirr bil-sihhah

kan yanbaghi" lahu
an yufini haqqi

yuzan fiha annaha
ta raf-il-taf sil

yadda'i annahu
ta'allam al-inglizi
-yah fi sittat shuhur

takhwTf-ul-ghuraba
khata azim

al-sirc[ah haram

mahabbat-ul- j ar
•wasiyat-ul-lahi

Voioel

: hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle; au = owin cow.
Dotted consonants, h, d, s, t, z, hard.

MARLBOROUGH'S SELF-TATTGHT SERIES includes most of the
languages of Europe, so that wherever the tourist may go, down the Mediterranean,
through the heart of the Continent, or round the western and northern countries,
with the aid of one or other of the volumes in the Series he can readily make
himself understood amongst the various peoples with whom he comes in contact.

Thus, these manuals are guides to the spoken languages of to-day, and they
are of the greatest service to tourists, travellers, students, business men, holiday-
makers, cyclists, motorists, photographers, teachers of languages, etc., etc.

Of all Booksellers, Catalogite free from the Publishers —
E. Mablbohough & Co., 51 Old Bailisy, LoxDo>f, E.G.

CONVERSATIONAL PHEASES

SENTENCES*

AND

Useful and

Allow me

Are you hungry ?

At last!

Be careful

Begone !

Begone! (out with you!)

By all means

Certainly

Come back

Come here
Come in
Do you hear ?
Do you know ?

" It
Uxouse me
Forgive me
From here
Go away
Good-bye
Good-bye (answer)

Necessary Expressions.

Ababio. Pbonunoiation.

U^^

ismah li
anta jau an ?
akhlran !
a'ti balak
imshi !
itla barra !
ala kuU I al
la budd
ma lum
na am
irja'

ta al huna
udkhul, kliushsh
anta sami ?
anta . arif ?
anta ta raf ?
la tuwakhidhni
samihni
min huna
ruh min huna
bikhatirkum
ma a-s-salamah

Vowd soumda : hat, father; bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = ow in cow.
Dotted consonants, h, d, 9, t, ?, hard. *See 'N.B.', p. 12.

ArabtoSeV-Taught (97) a

98 ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

Bnglish.

Ajjabio. Pbonunoiation,

Go on

^^^\

imshi

Give me

.^^^

a tini

How many times ?

.>^

kam marrah ?

Holloa there !

u^Wj.

ya anta !

Immediately

!u'

halan

Impossible !

^.^

ma yumkin !

In front of

^^x-

quddam

In future (afterwards,)

JJb.^ J

fi-1-mustaqbil

>) ,•>

ba dain

It means, that is (i.e.)

. ^^•

ya ni

Make haste

J^-il - ^ly

qawam, bil- ajal

Many thanks

^j. cu\^j

barakat warsin

Never mind

^>u-J*X. U«

ma alaish

No

^

la

Tate care (look out) !

^.1

u a !

Tell me

J^

quU-li

Thank you

^.-^^

kaththir khairak

That's another thing

^U^Iaa

hadha shai thani

The sooner the better

^.G ^., ^y^\ ^^\

al-yaum ahsan min

(to-day is better than

bukrah

to-motrow)

To the rear !

-y

liwara !

Very bad

' J^^^J

radi kathir

Very much

\S^^.':<

kathir jiddan

Very nice

malTh jiddan

Very often

Xj^t^ c:j1>

marrat kathira , -

Very well

■f^r^ i_-^

taiyib mallh

Vowel sounds : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = ow in cow.
Dotted conaorujMs, h, d, $, t, ^, hard.

CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES. 9J

Enoush.
What is this ?

Aaabio.

PBONtWOIATION.

shu hadha ?

What is the matter

lLSLJ u

ma lak ?

with you?

Who is there ?

ti/Lfc ^^

min hunak?

Who is this ?

life^..

mln hadha ?

Why?

IJUI-JLJ

_laish, limadha?

Yes

HjA _ *xj-

na am, aiwah

SimpI

e and Practical Phrases.

Alas!

1\ - n [LJ\j

wa-asafab, akhkh

Any news ?

J^J

ft khabar ?

Are you in a hurry ?

Js*^^^ e:-Jl

anta musta jil ?

Are you busy ? [him ?

J^jAjIl/* l::^!

anta mashghul ?

A re you acquainted with

ij i.:uJJ«J" Jjb

hal ta'arraft bihi ?

As you like

ala khatirak
ala kaifak.

Be q:uiet

IjiJisl

ihda

Be off
Bring me

La ^^ ^j_^

ruh min hiina
jib li, hat li

Bring the ligM here

La jji!l cuU

hat-in-nuT buna

Bring me a chair

Li-/J.^^^

hat li kursi

By-and-by

V^^U*

'an qarib

Bj your leave, sir

i_jA^ b tlioJ\ ^^■

an idhnak ya sidi

Call again to-morrow

tjsi. j_^l

irja' gbada

Call tte servant

JiAi^l X^\

indah-il-khaddam

Call the waiter

:^jkJ!i\ lSiij\

indah-is-sufraji

Call me early

^J'^. ^J^<^^

indahni badri

Vowel sounds,: hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = ow in cow.
Dotted consonants, h, d, 9, t, z, h<ar<l.

02

100

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

BSGLISH.

ABiBIO.

Pbonunoiation.

Call as you pass

"^JiT L5* Jj)

zurni fi mururak

Can't you hear ?

«_4uu*J' iJJij jl'

ala taqdar tasma ?

Can it be possible ?

J^\ ^^\

amin-il-mumkin ?

Come back

ifrj

irja' [jadd

Come, be serious

S:>- lo ^j Jl*J'

ta'al wakunn dha

Come back soon

l\^ ^,\

irja' halan

Come in

J^J\

udkliul

Come along

JlO-

ta"al

Come along with me

^. Jl*i'

ta al ma i

Come upstairs [silly

jy t^''

itla fauq [ghabiyan

'Come, come, doii't be

l;^ J,-> 1 jUj- jUj-

ta al ta al la takun

Do not annoy me

^j;1

la tiza ilni

Do not forget

^L^U

ma tin sash

Don't tell him

J JyO- ^

la takul luh

Do you think ?

ScJu ui-J\

anta taftakir ?

Do you understand ?

anta fahim ?

Do as you please

i'mal 'ala khatrak

Do me the favour

i_ij,yt^\ 1^-. J-*£^

i mal ma i-l-ma ruf >

Do not be in a hurry

J^-^-^

la tasta jil

Don't be angry

l_.i»aAj" J)

la taghdab

Don't be long

J^^J^

la tat auwaq

Do you like it ?

i.t^\

atahubbuh? [shughl

Don't interrupt me

^\^\ ^^ ^.Jixi- ^

la tu attilni 'ani-1-

Don't trouble yourself

ci;LU-"^LC t

la tukallif khatrak

Don't make a noise

«di) J J.,«jeJ' ^

la ta mal zaitah

Did you ask him ?

dL Jjb

hal sa-altuh ?

Don't say so

1a-Cj!) JJl) !)!

la takul hakadha

Vtywd sounds: hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle: au = 0W in cow,

T^-JJ.J ^ J- 1. Jl ... m

CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES.

101

BNaiiisH.

AlRABlO.

PEONnNOIATION.

Get up
Give him

qum, qum
a'tih

Give him a second time

X^ JIj (tJaci

a tih thani marrah

Give me

Give me a different one

a tini, a tini
a'tini ghairuh

Give me a little of this

\ jj& ij^ ^.y^ t_s^s^^

a'tini shuwaiya min
hadha

Go back

Go more slowly

Go more quickly

Jf* ^ tA-"^

irja'

imshi ala mahl

imshi bil-'ajal

Go to bed
Good morning

ruhi nam.
sahdhu-1-khair

Good morning (answer)

, ^ 1_>«=^U«« iXk*uJ

yas id ?abahak

Good day

J.-.%~; (Jj)l^

naharak sa id

Good day (answer)

CSj\^CSj\4>

naharak mubarak

Good evening

j^\ ^U«^

masa-1-khair

Good evening (answer'

C.Lj'1*u^ (\XjmJ

yas id ma ak

Good night

!Sd,;^x^ CS^

lailatak sa Idah

Good night (answer)

i6j^ , cJcn

lailatak mubarakah

Has the bell rung ?
Has the clock struck ?

indaqqa-1-jaras ?
altaqqati-l-sa ah ?

He appealed (in law)

i_ju l::;.^'^

ista-naf

He has gone for a walk
(a-walking)

^>=V. ^j

rah yatanazzah

He is an excellent man

J-ili J^ys

hii rajul fadil

He is a good fellow
He is at dinner

hii jada' taiyib
hu ala-1-ghada

Vowel sounds : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = o w in cow.
Dotted consonants, It, d, $, t, ^, hard.

102

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

ENGI;ISH.

He is a clever fellow

He is a liar

He is drunk

He is under my orders

He is very angry

He is ill

He learned Englisli

He told me

HoH your toilgue

How do you do ?

>> j> )'
How many piastres ?
How much do you sell

this for ?
How must we go to — ?
How foolish he is !
I am astonished
I am going
I am not ahle
I cannot (it is not

possible for me to)
I assure you
I have not
I am angry with you
1 am cold
I am hungry
I am not hungry

\i

AJli

t:'j

u\

PBONUHCIiTION.

hu jada shatir
huwa kadhdhab
huwa sakran
huwa taM amri
huwa za'lan kathir
huwa aiyan ~~

at allam ingllzi
huwa qal li
uskut, ikhras
kaif halat ?
kaif khatirak ?
kam qirsh ?
bikam tabi hadha ?

ma hfi-1-tariq ila — ?
ma ahmaquh !
ana mut ajjib
ana rayih
ma aqdarsh
ma yumkinni

ana uhaqqiq lak

-ma indi

ana fi. za al ma ak

ana bardan

ana jau an

ana mush jau an

Vowd sounds : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = ow in cow.
Dotted consonants, li, d, $, t, ^, hard.

English.
I am tired

[to it

J am not accustomed
I am wrong
I am right •
I cannot, ain not able
I do not care
I do not kn6w
I do not speak Arabic
I cannot" learn Arabic

if you speak English

to me
I have no appetite
I have no passport
I live at —
I never sarw him
J want

I want to buy
I am not willing
I am mistaken
I pray you

ti - tj
If you please
Is it true ?
I believe not
I think it probable

It is of no consequence |

CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES

Akaeio.

103

Ut>

.Si\ U

JM^

^^J^

UjI ^J.yJJ:^ I.

<fc=;? J:lL ^

Pbonunoiation.
ana ta ban

ana malish 'adah flh

al-haqq alaiya

al-haqq ma i

ma aqdarsh

la ubali

la a rif

ma atkallam arabi

ma aqdar at'allam
arabi idha kunt tu-
kallimni bil-inglizi
ma li qabliyah lil-akl
ma 'indi tadhkara
ana sakin fl —
ma shuftush abadan
biddi, aviz
biddi ashtari
ana mush radi
ana ghaltan
altamis ilaika
hi ardak

min fadlak, in shi'ta
ahadha sahlh ?
ma azinn
azunnahu
muhtamalan
la tail tahtahu

Vowel sounds: hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle; au = ow in cow.
' Dotted'-conaonants, h, d, §, t, ?, iiard.

104 ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

Engmsh.

Aeabio.

PBpNUNOIAJION.

It is all one

c^r= ^^ iJ^

ala hadd siwa

Is he there ?

(JjLjbys (_^'V.

yatara huwa hunak ?

I must go

. ^-^->^ rj^

lazim aruh

>i it

(_JSJ1 ^\ ^JjJ

biwuddi an adhhab

I must be off [longer

j^^\^.JS.^

la buddalimini-1-inti-

I must not stay any

ci^^l JJ^\ 1

la utilu-1-makth Llaq

It is all over

i^[^*Z.j ij^i^\

inqada bi tamamu

It is finished

u^^

khala^

It rains hard

^i'J^

tamtur qawi

It is very warm

harr qawi

Is he at home ?

l::-^! C^J^ t5y V.

yatara huwa fil-bait ?

I cannot help it

■" J s.L^ 1

la hilah li

It is the fashion

ifjWf ^ ila

hadhi hiya-1- adah

It will strike soou

Jsj ^:J ^

an qarlb taduqq

It is getting late

^S^J>\ LZ^\i

fata-1-waqt

I am tired of waiting

jlliO^l ^yi ujr-JL.

malalt min-il-intizar

Is everything ready ?

>^ ^ J^ ^ylj

yatara kul shaihadir?

It is not necessary

r>.^

la yalzam

It is your fault

^M J^\

al-haqq alaik

It is not my fault

j^lr (ji.,, J^l

al-haqqmush allaiya

It is too late

^^ -fj^J

wakhri kathir

I intend to ride

'— ^' u' 'i_f '^Jy'*

maradi an arkab

I believe so

Uv^-^

zinni kadha

It is only a report

L±-OJ.J»- ^l_yJ!> U

ma huwa ilia hadith

I have no time

"^jJU

ma li waqt

Is there no news ? .

jr^ U"* LT^^

alaia min khabar ?

)» jt j»

jr^ LA:^i t.

ma fishjkhabar ?

Vowd sounds: hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle; au = ow in cow.

CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES.

105

English.
I have heard none
It is time to go
It is rather cloudy-
It is a pleasure
I wish you good-night
I will see you again

tomorrow "^

I hope so

It is good for nothing
I don't oare ^

It is so, really Lout it
, I will make shift with-
I beg your pardon

(excuse me)
I beg your pardon
• * (forgive me) /
It is very likely
It is a long way o£E
It is close at hand
Just as usual
Keep to the right
Knock at the door
Lend me
Let me alone
Let me help you
Lift the latch
Light the candle

AnABIO.

i^£.

^\

_$si.»«iJ , ^AX t.l>-i^

Pbonunciation.
ma sami tu shaian

i, ana-1-dhahab

al-sama mughimah

hadha wajib

tamsi ala khair

sa-a'ud arak ghadan

in sha-allah

la yagluhi lishai

la ubali

hadha hakadhahaqq'in

ana astaghni 'annu

la tuwakhidhni

al- afu

qarlbil-ihtimal

masafah ba'idah

bilqurb

hasabi-1- adah

khallik ala yaminak

duqq-1-bab

aslifni

khallini

khallini u Tnak

irfa'i-1-suq'qatah

■walli ish-sham ah

Vowd sounds: hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle; au = ow in cow.
Dotted eoTisonants, h, 4, ij, t, ?, hard.

106

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

English.

Aeabio.

Pkonoticiatios.

Light tte fire

^IJl t^i

walli-il-nar

Look the door

^l^Jb <^\J\ JJ6\

iqfili-1-bab bilmiftah

Make haste

t^l-'j---l

ista jil, isri

Make my bed [about

^/_^'

aslih farshati

Mind what you are

lUJ e^^v.^^- '/t-j Jill

unzur fima khudta fih

My words have made

jitJM-J U ^-«^

kalami ma sami ush

no impression on him

Never mind

^j:^-: ^ _ JlJ^

la tubali, la taktarith

M M

j_A-L: L»

ma alaish

No, sir

^Ju^U^

la yasTdi

No, madam

■■^v. ^

la yasitti

Nonsense(meaningless)

J^^'^.

bila ma na

„ (idle talk).

^il _ u;V.'^

hadhayan, laghu

Not yet

Jkjtj _Ll!

lissa, ba'd

Nothing, I thank you

^j^/i'i

la, kaththir khairak

Oh, how dirty you are !

cJ^j\ u V.

ya ma ausakhnk !

Open the door

c^U^i

iftahil-bab

Open the window

CJ'\t,':,\\ ^\

iftahi-l-shubb&k

»» ft

^M^\

iftahi-l-taqah

Order the horses to bo

J^\ 1^^=^ ^ Ji

qui lahum yuhad^i-

brought

rulkhail

Permit me

^^!

ismali li

)t j»

J u^^'i

i'zin li

Permit me to accom-

C^\J J^, J ^1

ismah li bian urafiqak

pany you

Pray tell me [ness

J Ji;^-Ui^

min fadlak qui li

Please have the good

J.asj lUws:^-! 1^)1

in a'jabak tafa(jldal

Vowel sounds : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = ow in cow.
Dotted consonants, b. d. s. t. z. hard.

CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES. 107

Engmbh.
Poor fellow !

Quite sufficient

A-R.A-PTCI.

Pkonusoiation.
ya miskin !
kafi wafi

Ring the bell

She has gone visiting

duqq-il-jaras
dhahabat zayirah

Shut the door (lock it)

c^UI Jiil

iqfil-il-bab

,, „ (close it)

C^Ui J^

rudd-il~bab

, Sit down, please

■ A*sl J-wdiJ'

tafaddal uq'ud

■ Speak plainly
Speiik the truth

takallam wadihan
qul-il-haqq

\ Stop here

La }^'i\

intazir huna

11

\ijbj^\

usbur huna

It

uj& UJ^kA^al

istanna huna

Stop a moment

aL. J ^^\

usbur lahzah

■ Some money
1 Some bread
Stay a little longer

shuwaiyat darahim
shuwaiyat khubz
umkuth qalilan aidan

Take care, no lies

(—jjkiJr"^ lL-OIj^JJ

dir balak la takdliib

Take it

^,\'i-

khudh-hu

Take a chair

^^Ji\ .J^ J^dJu

tafaddal 'alal-kursi

Take my arm

^y.\jSJ i^

fudh bidhira i

Take an umbrella

i.l.,i.,AJi, j^

fudh shamsiyah

Take me with you
Take hold of the bridle

fudhni ma'ak
imsiki-1-lijam

Take hold of the halter

imsiti-r-rasan

Tell him

<»1 Ji

qui lu

Tell the truth

j-aJ1 Ji

quli-§.sudq

Thank you

^j^j^

kathir khairak

V&wd sounds : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = OW in cow.
Dotted consonaMa, b, d, 9, t, z, hard.

108

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

Engush.
That's enough
There is no haj-m
They are all alike

This annoys me very

much
They say so
The night is dark
The moon shines
The -wind is cool
Take a cloak
That is the whole truth
The flies are trouble-
Wait here [some

"Wait until he comes
Walk slowly
We will eat
Welcome !
Welcome to you !
Welcome, my dear

friend
Well, I am satisfied
We can by no means

permit it
We have not any

cause to complain

Aeabio.

i^.

J-

L5

jU

j'^'*^ (_Si j*^

^^ ,j^y,. \i>^

■ >

J^J^^

PEONtlNOIATION.

yikfi, bass
ma.fi darar
kuUuhum zai ba da<

hum
hadha yuza ilni

kathJr
yakulun hakadha
al-lail muzlim
al-qamar zahir
ar-rih baxidah
khudh burnus
hadha-1-haqq kullu
al-dubban mukaddir
usbur buna, istanna
huna

usbur hatta yaji

imshi ala mahlak

biddana nakul

ahlan wasahlan !

marhaba fik !

marhabafikya sadiqi-
1-azTz

taiyib, ana iktafait

la naqdar in nadhin
bihi-1-battah '

ma lana min illat
lil-shakwa ^

Vowd sounds: hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle; au = ow in cow.
Dotted consonants, h, d, $, t, ^, iiard.

CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES. 109

Bhglish.

Abablo, Pbonunciation.

We ought to study

^i Afi=sr ^J| \xAs.

alaina an najtahid

diligently

<uIlUi

fil-mutala ah

What are you doing?,

• Jaju jJ:,

shu ta'mal ?

What did he say ?

-slU J]\ ^

shu illi kalu ?

What does it contain ?

shu flh ?

What do you say ?

J.Jbj ^

shu bitqul ?

What do you mean ?

<Ji'l-.»^_j^

shu ma'nak ?

What do you want ?

tl<s^ ^^

shu biddak ?

What have you got ?

Cii'vvc. .-i

shu indak ?

What is this— that ?

shu hadha ?

What is the difference ?

c/^^

shu-1-farq ?

What a pity !

lsJ:M^ Li

ya khisarah !

What kind of man is he ?

..a ;_>uUl |_j|

ai-ul-nas huwa ?

What a wonder !

^r^-^'V.

ya ajaban !

What is the matter ?

;roUll_j-i

shu-1-maddah ?

What is the news ?

^^1,^

shu-1-khabar ?

What is to he done ?

(>J1 .Ji

shu-l-'amal ?

What is your name ?

LliCi^l^^i

shu ismak ?

What is your opinion ?

iJJol^yi,

shu rayak ?

Whatmakesy ou angry ?

CXJ^;. Jll ^

shu illi yuza ilak ?

What.o'clook is it ?

aiiLuIl ^^

shu-1-sa'ah ?

What pay does he get ?

'IwLjbL^ aS

kam mahiyatu ?

What shall I do ?

J^^^

shu a mal ?

What time is it ?

c^Jl *^

kam-il-waqt ?

What is the matter

Ll-OU

ma lak ?

with you? [him?.

What do you think of

<Ui (.Uc-li t»

ma zinak fih ?

FoiueZ sounds: hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle; au = ow in cow.
Dotted consonants, h, d, §, t, ?, hard.

no

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

Bngush.

Arabic.

PEOirONOIATION.

Where are you going ?

CL-o\ C^^i ^^j\

ain dhahih int ?

Where do you live ?

'^^^ J^ ;:;:^^

fain sakin int ?

Where is he no-w ?

■ U^^ }^ ^

fain hu alan?

Well done !

ii]\ n^ u

ma sha-AUah !

Which house is yours ?

tiio-j ^\

anhu haitak ?

Which horse will you

i^-^p i^Las- ^j\

ai hisan tarkah ?

ride ?

Will you take any thin g ?

lJU ,N<.b- ^1

ala takhudh shaian ?

Where is the lamp ?

^xJ^\ ^\

ain-al-qandll ?

Will you he engaged ?

fji.f.^ ^.<3\

atakun mashghulan ?

Without joking

^J..h

hala mizah

Where did you get it ?

'^^'^ ^} liT*

min ain hassaltu ?

Where does he live ?

J^ J^. ui}

ain yaskun huwa ?

Where is she? [hence?

y-^cn-.^

ain hiya ? Lhuna ?

When will you go

UJS ^^ l_^oS JJ i<-^

mata tadhhah min

Will you allow me ?

'j^\

atasmah li ?

Will you ohlige me ?

'-^ij^' Li** 1-^"^

ata mal ma'i ma'ruf ?

Will you take this ?

1 JJ!> >Xs-Ij1

atakhudh hadha ?

Who told you ?

^O Jli ^

man qal lak ?

You will ohlige me

X^y-A^ ^ilse=£?

taj alni mamnfinan

Tou must go now

"■^"^ X-i? ^j^

lazim taruh alju

You are late

LU-i- \j l::_Ji

anta ta-akhkhart

You are right

iJi!*^ JLsil

al-haqq ma ak

You are wrong

CS-^^jA\

al-haqq 'alaik

You are very kind

1:>-Lc lLXL^

fa^lak alaina

You walk too fast

anta tamshi bi'ajalah

irj^lj

zayidah

Vowd sounds: hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle; au=owiii cow,

Tinttfirf. r./vnjtnvifi.'nf.a. Ti _ *1 . a +. 7 h n ■•/f

CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES.

EHeiilSH.

Tou come with me
You are too young
Tou must dress well
You must be quick
You are ready now

111

Akabic.

PnONnHOIATION.

^^^\

anta taji ma'i

J^ J.^ el^J-l

anta ?aghir kathlr

_^t L^ Jj" ^ il

■lazim tilbis taiyib

J^^' rj^

lazim tasta'jil

^\ j^\»- cuJI

anta hadir alan

I want a boat

This is not big enougli
for us

No, it will not do

Can you take our
' luggage -nith you ?

Certainly, sir

I will bring you a
porter

He can carry the lot
|; by himself, he is
I strong

He has a cart too
rlheieisfirstthecustom-
house examination

We will go -in the
I caiTiage

You must come with us
Tell me how much the

fare is

Arrival.

J'^

ayiz fulukah

hadhi mush kabirah

bil-kifayah lana
la, ma tanfa
ataqdar takhudh

afshana ma ak ?
na am ya sTdi
ajib lak attal

yaqdar yahmil - ul -
' kull wahdu, huwa

qawi [himl

indukaman arablyat
auwalan fi taftisb-ul-

kumruk
nuhn naruh ill

arabiya
lazim taji ma na
qui U kam-1-ujvah

■ Vmvd sounds : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au — ow in cow.
Dotted. caasonaTUs, h, d, 9, t, ^, hard.

112

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

Engmbh.
How mucli is the fare

to the station ?
Each person four

piastres [much ?

And the porter how
He is entitled to ask

two piastres, and is

asking for baqshish.

because it is hot and

the luggage is heavy
Is the luggage correct ?
Eleven pieces
Tou left one in thc'

steamer
You must send the

porter to inquire

ahout it
I quite forgot it, sir

Thank goodness ! some
one is bringing it now

Aeabio.

c"

Pbonunciation.
kam -l-ujrah lilma-

hntta ?
kul shakhs arba at

qurush
wal- attal kam ?
haqqu qirshain wata-

lib bakhshish., lian-

id-dunya shaub wal-

'afsh thaqil

yatara-l- af sh tamam?
ihda shar razma
khallait wahida fll-

markab
lazim tursilu-1- attal

yas-al anha

nasaituha bit-tamal

ya sidi
al-hamdu lillah.

wahad jayibha alan

Is the station far ?

No ; a quarter of an
hour's distance only

The Railway.

HS^je.1

iks^l

lSj'

kJii (LcLj

t^J

Aj.^

yatara al-mahatta |
ba Ida ? «

la ; masafat rub sa al'i
faqat .,|

Vowei sowiuU: hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = owiii cow. i

CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES.

Enoubh.
Wlen does the train go ?
In hall an hour

it will not

113

ttOW,

start hefore the

mails come
We need not hurry
[Please go and get the
I tickets
I want four flrst-class

K

There is a ticket short

Never mind ! I will
! bring you another
And the money : is it

right"?
One piastre is bad
[(By the life of your

father) I swear, it is

good
You are right, it is

only old
I would like to ask

the interpreter
There is no need to
I will ascertain from

him all the same

Ababic.

Jlkj ^ij j:>ji

I

(J*:i~!^

PBONTOiaiATlON.

mata yusafiru-1-qitar?
ba d nu?s sa ah

ala kull hal ma

yaqum qabl in taji-

l-b5sta
la luzum lil-'ajalah
min fsyilak ruh

wajibi-1-tadhakir
ayiz arba mahallat

darajaula
naqisa tadhkara

wahida
ma alaish ajib lak

wahida thaniyah
wad - darahim ahi

tamam ?
qirsh wa^id battal
wahayat abuk huwa

taiyib

al-haqq ma ak huwa

bass qadim
ahubb as-al at-tur

juman
ma fish luzum
ma dhalik urid asta -

lim minhu

Vowd samida • hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle; au = ow in cow.
I Doited cpneonanis, h, d, 9, t, j, hard.

drabic Self-Tcntghl

114

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

Ehqush.

The luggage goes with-
out extra charge

No ! I haTe paid 15
piastres : here is the
receipt

I wish you a good
journey

You are travellers

How long have you,
been in Egypt ?

We arrived only to day

Are you going to
Jerusalem ?

We shdl stay there
four days, waiting
for a friend

It is' not enough; you
require two or three
weeks at least

Our intention is to see
everything before we
go back to England

Good ; perhaps I shall
see you when you
return from Beth-
lehem

Please God !

Ababio.

ji

tjij AiJl liLffi

up ••:;

'\, , <-jI)

u^

.\i\

iM

y

'.J' >r

j' Uj *jCs5^\

i:;"

a!J1 'L

Pbonunciation.
al- afsh yaruh balash

la, ana dafa t khamsa-
ta shar qirsh : ha
huwa-1-wasl

ma as-salamah bihif z-
il-lah

hadratkum musafirin

kam sar lakum fi
barr Masr ?

wasalna-l-yaum faqat

yatara rayihin ilal-
quds?

nuqim fiha arba'at
aiy am n antazir sahib
lana

ma yakfish yalzam-
kum jum atain au
thalatha 'alal-aqall

qasduna nashuf kull
shai qabl ma narja'
ila biladi-1-ingilz
aiyib ; insha- Allah
ashufkum lanima
tarja u min Bait-
ruhm

insha-Allah !

Vowd sounds: hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle; au =0W in cow.
Dotted consonants^ h, d, 9, t, 5, hard.

CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES

115

The Hotel.

Enqush.

Ababio.

PBOHnNOIATION.

Where is tho proprietor

*Jul^l l_.,s-U ^^\

ain §ahib-l-lukandah ?

of the hotel?

Have you a room

ijij\ tiiAii t^/V.

yatara 'indak au^ah

vacant ?

i^\i

fadiyah ?

This room is very

\Sj>- XjJe^ ijJ] sUjI)

hadhi-l-au^ah

small

jaghirah jiddan

Have you* a large

Hj^ <t«jl uLSjkXC Jj!i

hal 'indak au^ali

room?

kabirah ?

Show me a bedroom.

(♦y ^jl xjj^

arini au^at naum

I will take this one

if jjb Ari-l

akhudh hadhi

Have you no better

.,MJ^\ l^j\ ijJ^XfX- U

ma 'indak uwa4

rooms ?

ahsan ?

I want a large one

'ij^ ifjws-ljjjlc

'ayiz wahida kabira

Are you the landlord?

:fjjlS'_jlll t_-.5-L5Ur-ol

anta saliib-l-

1

.\

lukandah ?

low much do you

i»^J\ ^i- L^ik-' ^

kam tatflub fi-1-

charge per day ?

yaum?

Has my luggage come ?

,J^ -w t>

hal ja 'afshi ?

Take the luggage up-

0/ (>i*ii ^l

itli'-l-'afsh fauq

' stairs

Bat it down here

lii.<)Jjj

nazzilu buna

Iwantsomethingto eat

J^^ ^i ^J

arid shai lil-akl

|iiything will do

'Give me the key of my

^^ ^\^"U JLj.1

aish ma kan taiyib

^i^j\ c.^^ ^r:^^^

a'tini miftah au^ati ■

■ room

Yowd ammds : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = ow in cow.
Dotted consonants, h, d, is, t, ^, Iiard.

n 5

116

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

Bhgmsh.

What are the meal-
times ?

Lunch, is at ... and
dinner at . . .

There is no fixed time

And breakfast ?

Can I dine in my
room?

Where is the w.c. ?

I want a warm hath

Give me a piece of soap

Grive me a towel

Where is the bell ?

I want a candle

I think of leaving to-
morrow

Call me early in the
morning

Call my servant

Take me to the station

Ababio.

. . . <ul.JI
1 "

i_r"^^ 1-?'

■jlj

<iLs^

L5^

Jk^

Peontiuoiation.
ma hi sa'at-1-akl ?

alghada assa ah . . • .

■wal asha assa ah . . .
ma fl waqt muqarrar
wal-futur ?
ayumkinni atghadda

fl audati?
fain bait-l-rahah ?
ayiz hammam

sukhun
a'tini shaqfat sabun
a tmi minshafah
fain-l-jaras ?
ayiz sham ah
anwi-1-dhahab bukrah

salihini badri fis -

sabah
nadi khadimi
khudhni lil-mahLi^tah

Meals.

(For Vocabulary, see p. 34.)

Please bring tea and

cakes
Bring bread and butter

^j-Jy

min fadlak jib shaii

waqa q i

jib khubz wa-zibdah :

Vnwd nounda: hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle; au^owin cow. i
Dotted consonants, h, d, s. t. z, hard.

CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES. 117

ENOIilSH.

Another cup of tea

Ababio.

Pboubnoiation.
finjan shai thani

Give me some more

.L.^U J.\.r.\

a'tmi kaman sukkar

sugar (milk)

(^-r^)

(halib)

Put some more -water

^i 'U 'iii\j_j k»-

hutt ziyadat ma fl

in the teapot

^^^^■Ji/

ibriq-1-shai

This is enough

^_^i£) Ijos

hadha yakfl

May I oflPer you some

^,.^ LliJ ^jjil JjSj

hal uqaddim lak

fish?

LLS^

shuwayat samak '?

Thanks, I will take

4,^ j^l ^-i^j^

kaththir khairak

some
Which of them do you

JJaaJ' U^J

akhudh shuwaiyah
aiyuhlima tufa^dil ?

prefer ?
I prefer roast to boiled

J- A^\ S;^

ufaddil-1-mu^tammar

J^Lm^I

ala-1-masluq

Is there any fish here ?

liJs cl,<-*-. ^i ^ Jl)

yatara fi samak huna?

There is none

^^ ^'r;i ^

la yujad shai

Tell the cook to makp

cu^i^^ Jr*^. r-M=^ J^

qui lil-tahbakh

soup

ya mal shaurahah

He is not a good cook

jSsl^ AJo Jl^ .£>

huwa'mush tabbakh
shatir

I have nothing to eat

ma fl 'indi shai lil-
akl

Is the soup ready ?

Hj^ls^ hj.M^] JjD

hal-il-shaurabah
Ijadirah ?

Binner is ready

^..tfU^ >Lije!\

al- asha hadir

Do you like . . . ?

. . . l_-^Jj!>

haltuhibb . . . ?

If it is fresh

y,iu'^j^

in kan tazah

Vowel sounds : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au =ow in cow.
Dotted consonants, h, d, 9, t, 7, hard.

118

Ehgush,
Give me a little, please

Will you pass the

mustard ?
Pass me the sauce
Waiter, some bread

What wine will you

take, sir?
Show me the wine list

Have you English

beer?
Open the bottle
Is this water filtered ?

Is it good for drinking ?
Change my plate

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

Ababio.

Lj-LOi \j^ LLiAii^

^il^. >

Correspondence^ Post, Telegrams, etc.

Pbondhoiatios.
a tmi shuwaiyah min

fadlak
min fadlak nawilni-1-

khardal
nawilni-l-maraqah
ya-sufraji shuwaiyat

khubz
ai nabidh tashrab ya-

sidi?
warrini qayimat - 1 -

nabidh
fi indak blra inglizi-

yah?
iftah-il-qannmah
yatara hadha - 1 - ma

musafEa ?
hal yaslah lil-shurb ?
ghaiyir sahni

Have no letters come

for me ?
'No, none have come
He ought to be here

by now
I have heard nothing

(For Vocabulary, see p. 47.)

^Ji\ Lb ujl» ^J: I

U^

U

ma ia-at li makatib?

la ma ja shai

yajib an yakun huna

al-an
ma sami t shai

Vowel

neara notmng ^.i i^^:,.^xa^ \^ ma sami t snai i

sounds : hat., father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = OW in cow. |
Dotted conaonante, h, 4, 9, t, f, hard.

CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES.

English. Arabio.

Has the mail steamer
arrived ?

119

Go aad see if the mail

is in
Are there any letters

for me ? [letters

I have not received any
Please forward my

letters to . . .
Please weigh this letter

Howmuch is the postage
, on these letters ?
Can you lend me a pen?

Have you a lead pencil ?

I want some note-paper
Give ine an envelope
Where is the ink ?
Lend me a piece of
: hlotting-paper ■
Give me some stamps

Tell him to wait
[ will send a reply
later

J.

w

lai:-Js.i£a <U3~1>J'

IJJS ^jj\

USB) i(k-jij !SjS>-\ J,

^js^j Jj_lLSjc£ Jjo

PBONnUOIATION.

yatara wasal waburr

ul-bosta ?
ruh washuf in kanat-

il-bos^a wa?alat
fi makatib IT ?

ma istalamt makatib
min fadlak irsil maka-

tlbi ila . . .
min fadlak uzan

hadha-1-maktub
kam ujrat bSstat

hadhi-1-makatib ?
taqdar tusullifni

qalam ?
hal indak qalam

risas ?

ayiz waraq kitabah
a tini zarf
fain-il-hibr ?
sallifni -warakat

nashshafah
a'tmi ba (J tawabi

bosta
qui luh yantazir
ursil-ul-jawab

ba dain

V(Md sounds : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = ow in cow.
Dotted conaanants, h, ^, ^, t, z, hard.

120

Engush.
Can I send a telegram ?

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT

Akabio,

I have received a
telegram from . . .
I want a postal order
The payee s name and
address are . . .

I am the sender
Please cash this money

order
This letter is to he

registered
Registered letter
Give me a receipt for it

. . . -l^KiS

> ^ -J

PEONOTIOIATrON.

yatara yumkinniursil

teleghraf ?
wasalni teleghraf

min . . .

ayiz hawalat hosta
ism-ul-muwadda ilaih

wa- anwannh

huma . . .
ana-l-mnrsil
min fadlak a tini sarf

hadhi-1-ha walah
hadha-1-m aktub

lil-tasjtl
maktub mnsaukar
a tini bihi wasl

Shopping.

I want some silk
This silk is very dear

This material wears

well
I will guarantee it
I don't guarantee it
Please show me some

gloves

ayiz shuwayat fcanr
hadha-1-harir ghali

kathir
hadha-l-q[umash

yadum zaman ^awil
ana aijmanuh
ana la admanuh
min fadlak farrijni

ala ba d kuf uf ,

Vowel sounds : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = ow in cow.
Dotted consonante, h, d, $, t, 7, hard.

CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES.

121

ENausH.
I want a cross made

Ababio.

PBONUNOIA-TION.

ayiz sallb masnu

of olive-wood

^}Hj '-r-'i^ liT-

min thashab zaitun

Also flowers from

Bethlelieni
I want tq see that desk

kaman zuhur min
Baitlahm
ayiz ashuf ti.'k-il-

[price ?

^.•;<il

maktabah

What is the lowest

^J^l ,*...il .Jb U

ma hu-l-si r-ul-adna ?

Is this frame ex-

j\j.^\,j\ysj. ^yb

yatara hadha-1-

pensive ?

burwaz ghali ?

I will select the best

^-j ^^yM^Ji\ i_^ol

antakhib-ul-ahsan

from among these

SSJc

bain hadhi

I want to see some

ij^xJ i_j^il JjIc

^'ayiz ashuf ba'd

curios

' cijLCJl

antikat

Are they genuine ?

<UJi-iis- . jJk Jji

hal hi haqiqiyah ?

May I show it to you ?
Please give me about

tasmah li uwarrik

iyaha ?
min fadlak a'tini

ten

'j^ i=^

nahu 'asharah

These suit me, but the

■xm}\ ^^ ^:sijlj SS&

ha(Jhi tuwafiqnilakin-

price is too high

>J^^

is-si'r ghali kathir

I don't want any more

jt^\y\^ Ji^

mush 'ayiz akthar

It is dearer than I

cu/^S IX, ^\ ly\

inuaha aghla mimma

thought

iftakart

These are cheaper

i^^j' n^

hadhi arkhas

These are still better

i^**aS^' (jjUfi itXil

hadhi kaman ahsan

How much do you ask

l^^ L-Jiaj" ^

kam tatlub fiha ?

for them ?

Vowel sounds : hat, father, bit, maohlue, put, rule, aisle; au =ow in cow.
Dotted consonants, h, d, fi, t, ;, hard.

12i

ENQI/ISH.

I can't let you have

tliem for less
. I will buy these
How do you like ttese ?
I don't like any of these
Do you want anything

else?
Send the things to my

hotel
What name, sir?

Wake me early in the
morning

We are going to see
the Mount of Olives
to-morrow

Do you want me to get
the donkeys ready ?

Perhaps we shall go in
a carriage, but any-
how we shall' take
food with us

Tes, sir ; everything
will be all right

You must take the
necessaries for tea

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

Ababio.

■i I iyJ (JjSi

An Excursion.

^\j^\ ^j\ji jui-ij ^j'i

Pbonunciation,
la yumkinni asmah

lak biha bi-aqall
ashtari hadbi
kaif tuhib hadhi ?
la uhib wahida minha
hal targhab fl shai

akhar ?
arsil - il - ashya ila

lukandati
ma-l-ism "ya sidi ?

sahhini badri fls-

sabah
rayihm nashuf jabal-

al-zaitun bukra

aturid an uhad^iru-

1-Lamir ?
rubbama narkab

arabiyah, walakin
ala kull hal

nakhudh ma na akl
na am ya sidi kull

shai yakunbittamam
lazim takhudh lawa-

zim-1-shai

Vovid aoumdi: hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle; au = ow in cow.
DoUtd contonanis, h, 4. 9, t> ?i hard.

Enqijbh.
The teapot, the spirit,

matches, and every-
thing must be

■wrapped in paper
I have wrapped up

everything and put it

into the basket
We can buy oranges

and melons on the

way
Good ; do not' forget

the wine
We want to go up the

minaret
Just as you wish, sir;

it is not difficult, but

it tires one

I will bring a permit
for you all to go up

This is necessary

It will cost two piastres
each

Is the lady strong, and
can she also go up ?
[once

Get the tea ready at

CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES.

123

Arabio.

air

^.J^^,

■J '^ j^ <-^s

-:fj

UL».

i' u"^} ''ff'.i

ai

;/iJl

J>-wJl

\J^

u

l_yJi^

J^.

•:j-5.

,xs ifAJI)

ij.s

U.

e:_^l

,Uj_lk>-_

fl^^liJl

yds>-

Peohtokjiation.
ibriqu-sh - shai wal-

sbiritu, wal-kabrit,

wakull shai lazim

yaltaff bil-waraq

laffait kiill shai wa-

hattaitu fis-salla

yumkinna nashtari

burtuqan wabattikh

wanahnu fl^-tariq
taiyib la tansa-1-

nabidh
narid natla lifauqi-1-

ma-dhana
ala khatirak ya

khawaja ; ma fl

su uba, walakini-1-

insan yat ab
ajib rukhsa likullikiim

litatla u
hadhi druriyah
thamanha qirshain

an kuU shakbs
yatara-1-sit kawiyah

wataqdar tatla

kaman ?
haddiri-sh-shai halan

Vowel sounde : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = o w in cow.
DQttii contowants, h, 4, ?, \, % hard.

124

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

The horse is goinglame,

and is very tired
The driver is beatinfr

the horse without any

reason
He knows his business
He is not cruel
Another time I will

take some one else
They are all alike '

Have you made an
account of what you
have spent ?

I have spent three
Turkish liras, four
mejidis, and fifteen
piastres

I hope you, sir, the
ladies, and the othoi-
gentlemen have en-
joyed yourselves to-
day

We all enjoyed our
excursion, only the
ladies are a little
tired

uW'j '^j'^. U

u

iX) i.)l"ASI

J-

\^j^

^\ ^\j^

J £L'

t^jb

iJi\Ats.

,A£iu*,K~-. (Jub J*^.sr*

i f^'

ij

liiJ IS

jl:uJ\ LiiJ ^~^1

i.}-

PnOirtJNOIATION.

al-hi?an ya ruj wata -
ban kathir

al - arhaji ammal
yadrubu-1-hisan
bidiin sabab

ya rif shughlu

huwa mush qasi

al-m arra-th-th aniy a
akhudh wahad ghairu

kuUuhum mithl
ba dahumi-1-ba d

hal amilt hisaba-d-
darahim illi saraf-
taha?

saraft thalathat lirat
uthmaniyah wa-
arba majidiyat wa-
khamsat asharqirsh
asa in hadratkucn ya
sTdi was-sittat wal-
khawajatu-th-
thaniyln inbasat-
tum-l-yaum

kuUuna inbasatna fi
satratna - 1 - qasira,
faqalji - s - sittat
ta banat shuwaiyah

Vowel sounds : hat, father, bit, machine, put, rule, aisle ; au = ow in cow.
Dotted conscmarUs, h, d, 9, t, ;, hard.

Passages of Arabic with Pronunciation and
Translation interlined.

1. "The Lokd's Pkater" (Matt, vi, 9-13).

kL>^i^]

.SiiliJ cyl.:;!!!

,sT\

-s-muka liyataqaddasi -s-samawafc fi -l-ladhi abana
Thy name hallowed be the heavens in which" art our Father

sUl!

Ui

:Ui

ij,>j'>^i-^

cij'uJ

-s-sama'i fi kama mashi'atuka litakun malakutuka liya'ti
the heaven in as Thy will be done Thy kingdom come

Irlkil

li-Ui [jy^ j>p\ Ju

a'tina kafafana khubzana -1-ardi 'ala

give us sufficient for us our bread the earth upem

ur

ITJ

kadhalika

so

-^-^
II

^^ ^ Ui boy J . w J^^y l«.,

nahnu naghfiru kama dhtinubana lana waghflr -1-yauma
we forgive as our trespasses us and forgive to-day

Uli^-iJ

^s- —-' — 'J

fi tudkhilna wn-la
into lead us and not against us

• *

ilaina

asa'a
trespassed

lianna
for that

-sh-shimri
the evil one

mina
from

SS-

,;;]W

ri^-^

wal-majda wal-quwata

and the glory and the power

najjina

deliver us

-l-mulka
the kingdom

arnin

lakin
but

liman
to them who

^.}^
tajribatin
temptation

(125)

laka
to Thee helongeth

-1-abadi ila

the eternity to

126 ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

2. Qur'an (Koean), chap, ir, verse 169.

J _ \p ^ L^^l Jut ^.

fi taghlu la -1-kitabi ahla ya

in commit extravagance not of the book people

-l-haqqa ilia -1-llahi 'ala taqulu wa-la dlnikum-

the truth except God of speak and not your religion

L5"

top ^ y— 'C^ f O

rasiilu Maryama -bnu 'isa

is the apostle of Mary the son Jesus the Christ for verily

-1-Masihu innama

Maryama
Mary

bil-llahi
in Grod

ila alqaha vva-talimatuhu -1-llahi

into -which He' conveyed and his Word of Grod

fa - aminu
therefore believe

minhu
from Himself

wa - ruhun
and a Spirit

^ji

thalathatun tuqiilu wa-la -wa-rusulihi

a Trinity say and not and His apostles

Idiomaiio translation of the above : —

people of the Book ! commit no extravagance in your religion ;
and speak not of God except the truth. For verily Christ Jesus,
the son of Mary, is the apostle of God, and His "Word -which He
conveyed into Mary, and a Spirit, proceeding from Himself. Believe
therefore in God and His apostles, and say not " a Trinity ''.

MONEY.

Turkish Government Currency used in Syria, with
the English and American equivalents.

Gold Coihs.

2i lira .....
Lira 'Uthmaniyali ' .

i lira

i lira

Also in circulation ^ —
Lira IngUziyah ' , .
Lira Faransawiyali * .

Fiastres,
= 250
= 100
= SO
= 25

= about 2

English,
s. d,
5

IS
9
4

= 110

1

= about

Majidi . .
Nusf Majidi
Zihrawi . .
Rub' Majidi
2 piastres .

Piastre '

Also in circii
Sbilling
Franc . ,

SiiTJCE Coins.
Fiastres.
20 .
10 .

lation ' —

about

Pnrns.^
id

20

10

1

d.

7

9^

1

102

4i

2i

Amebtcan.
Dollars,
-- 10-91
4-36
= 2-18
= 1-09

= 4-85
= 3-88

Dollars.
0-87
0-43
0-26
0-21
0-08

0-04

0-25
0-19

In addition niciel coins of 20 and 10 paras and bronze coins ol' 10 and o paraa
are current. (40 paras = 1 piastre.)

N.B. AH Government taxes and dues are paid according to tbis fixed standard,
but the value of tbe above in piastres varies greatly in the different provinces,
for all other payments. This applies also to raUway fares.

Credit notes can be cashed in English gold.

English and American money with the Turkish

English.
£ s. d.
60
25

10

5

equivalents.

AMEiaOAN.

TUEKISH.

Dollars.

Finstres. Faras

242-50

5,600

121-25

2,750

48-50

1,100

24-25

650

' Turkish pound. ^ But not recognized currency. ' English sovereign.

* French Napoleon. ^ Arabic qirsh, pi. qm-ush. ' Arabic hara, pi. baraf,

(127)

128

ARABIC SELF-TAUGHT.

English.

American.

Turkish.

£ s.

rf.

Dollars.

Piastres. r->

4

=z

19-40

=

440 w

3

=

14-55

=

330

1

=

4-85

_ =

110

10

=

2-42

' =

55

5

=

1-21

'=

27 20

4

=

-97

=

22

2

6

=

-60

=

13 30

2

=

•48

=

11

1

=

•24

=

5 20

6

=

-12

=

2 30

3

r=

•06

=

1 15

1

=:

-02

=

18

0^

=

-01

=

9

Oi

=

a cent)

=

4

WEIGHTS AND MEASUEES.

"Weight.
114 dirhams or 96 mithqals mate 1 rati or pound = -991b. av. English = about

12 oz. 8J dr.
100 rati make 1 qantar = 78-375 lb. av. English = about 2 qr. 221b. 6 oz.
The oqqa is 400 dirhams = 2-75 lb. av. English = 2 lb. 12 oz.

Lbnsxh.
1 qasabah = 11 ft. 7-76 in. English.
1 pik (dira'), the principal measure for cloth and silk = 26-8 English inches.

StTKFACE.

The faddan, or acre, is 400 square qasabah = 1 acre 6 roods.

Capacitt.
24 rub's make 1 ardab = 5'44 bushels (1 pk. 1 gal. 2qts.).

POSTAL EATES.

The postage on letters from Syiia to England, America, and other countries
in the Postal Union is at the rate of 1 piastre (about 2^d.) for 15 grams (about
^ oz.) ; posteards, 20 paias (about Id.); newspapers, 10 paras (about |<?.) for
50 grams.

The inland rates on letters (a) for places on the sea-coast, 20 paras (about Id.)
for 15 grams ; (i) for the interior, 1 piastre (about 2id.) for 15 grams ; oupostcards,
20 paras (about Id.) ; newspapers, 5 paras (about Jrf.) for 30 grams.

Printed by A. & E. WALTER, Ltd., 13-17 Tabernacle Street, London, E.G. 2
P.O. 615.

For the STUDY OF FRENCH.

''■"-. "■■'/■;; -'rlv-;-'-/; -'/ : PRICES-.NET.

, fJBJBNCH ' .SEJfcF-TJltljfCM'i'. ■: ' rt"""*-'' »7»iM>.» era: •«. bim- '''gPJ*',^^'^';*-

By tbo Kulidial'Hethoci, with'Photratlfiit^onnnclBtioii, Eiilari;ed and BeTised by ;
I J.LAB?'^WBiB,.4)lrIij(Pi:iiicip»lS'»iio^M»ater Oity,otLaudc>ii£icJip61). Oontalliliiig '
Alphabe<<aiidFiptaaiiciatlon,TlisNaialHaaDd,Notei6ii ArticleB, Mendvi;, Acceut. ftc,„ '
Claulfled Voejibdlarin, CmuTeTHatloiial.Ftanui and Smt^DceH, TzaT«l 'TtCSk, Coni-
maroial, Uotoring and Oycling Tstma, Uoney,'Weigbto and UeasnreB, with UluBtration '
, ol.Frenab Coihag*. > .

FHtENCH CKAMMAR SELF-TAUGHT- «"■••»•• ■'"• "j^^fViith: if.

' ■ ByiJ., LAFFITTB, B.-*ii''Ii. (Fiioc{pa( »>euoh Uaatw City or Lonilon Hchoolt.
ContaInlirg'Alphab«t,'Aec^nt^Ijiiai9on,Ac..UnlMof Qrammarrx«nipUaeilwltl]Moael
Henteuaeti, AuxUlaty Varbsj Bynoptical Table of tka lour CoiijuKiitioiia, Irregular
Verba, fixnroiaea, Alpnabatioal voaa'buliKy.' < .>

KEY to Frencb Grammar SelC-Tauifbt. orownSTo. piuawrappn.T*.

FRENCH B y HOME STUDY. Olom»M. BIu. wrapper. »..

^ : — ; 1 Banded tliijellier. ,

Uontalu^ French BeU-TaOKht, Qrammar and Key to the Bzerclaaa.

F RENCH SELF-TAUGHT and CKAMMAR orSS'ioth?...

with KEY. Three bookkbonnd In pne Tolnma. , . < ^

FRENCH PROt>rUNC:iATION MADE EASY. om..i.8.?i!!3rA -..

;.! ByM. II. ItEBKK'r. ' Vonrtl) aMtlcB. Ke-nttten and anla>ge<.

Containing the Vowel Sonada, the Oonaonante, Accenta and Blgna, the NMal.DlTiaibn
of Worda iiitd SyUablf a, tjqnntity, Rhlee on Proper Nonna;, Boadlng Exeroiaea Witt
tuterliueil Pbonelio ProDuiKtiatlon. Key to BeadinR Bzerolaeii.

For the STUDY OF ITALIAN.

PRICES NET.
ITALIAN SELF-TAUGHT, t (Thimm'f Syifam) On. avo. Bioa wmpnei, la. at.

.^^^^-^— ^^^.^^^.^ I He^olotli.,aa

B) the natural method, with Phonetic Fronnodatlon. Enlarged and Kevised by
1). IML'IiA VBCCIIIA. Containing Alphabet and Pronnnciation; Notes on Articlua,
(Vendor, Accuni, &c., Classified Vocabularies, Gonversatioiial Phrases and KenCiinoes,'
Travel Talk, Commercial, Trading, Naval and Military Terms, Ainnsements, Motoring,
Cycling, Photography, Musical [Terms, Tables of Moneys with English and American
Values, Weights and Measures, and illustration of Italian Coinage.

ITALIAN GRAMMAR SELF-TAUGHT. Oin.>*o. bi»w»pp«,i..m.

■ / Ked oloVB, JB.

By A. O. PANAGULLI (Principal Of the London School of Italian).' Contaiumg
Alphabet, the Double Consonants, Brbnnuefation, Accent, the Apostroiihe, the
Definite Article; the Use of the Articles ; the Substantive, Gender ; the Adjective;
Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers; 'Iiideflnlto Adj.wjtjves and Proiioiins; Aniiliary,
Regular, and Irregular Verbs. Synoptiual Table of the Three Conjngations. Re^idine
Lessons. Idiomatic ExpteBBions.. AlphabeticiU, Vocabulary.

KEY to Italian Grammiiir Self-JTa nght; e™.«»o. biu wrapper. Td.
ITALIAN SELF-TAUGHT and GRAMMAR ^^^^%

with KEY. Three botika bomid in one volume.
ITALIAN B Y , HOME . STUPlf . » 'crown gYo. Bin* wrappei. ■■,

three bboks, baiided together,: Italian Selt-Xan^U. Grammar, and Kay, *

Marlhorongha ITALIAN AND ENGLISH _..°«Ty»j»v. »•« ,.

COMMERCIAL CORRESPONDENCE.

(Hftrlboron^h'a Serlei of Foreign Commercial Corraipondenga.) By E. S.ItO^MRKO-
TOOBSCO and W. OBEVOBrMAUBICE, A'.I.Ii., London. Containing Model Phri -es
and Letters, Enqnlriea relating to Goods; OtFers of Goods, Orders and their Execution,
Shipping Correspondence^ Agencies, Situations, Financial Oreditj Insurance of ijuculs.
Finance, Market Beports with Phrases, Announcements, Letters of IntrodnotioQ,
Commei'Cial Terms and Abbreviations, Tables of Money with English and American
"•■ Equivalents. Weights and Measures, Ac.

London :— E. MARI30R0U6H_ 4_ Co^, Mlishers, fil, Old Bailoy.Tc.

ARABIC [Syrian] SELF-TAUGHT,..,

Marlborowgh-s SAlf-T^^igllf SeHeS

Contains classified VocabulaFies, useful Phrases and ConTersations
witli the ENGLISH PHONETIC PRONUNCIATION of every word
so arranged that they may be ieartted AT. A GLANCE, and a siniplified
Grammap. Income instances the Grammar foitni^ a separate' volume.'

PRJlfres NUT.

Olbtfa. Wrapper.

31-
61-
S/-
8/-
3/-
3/-

u-

Zl-
V-
21-
4/-
21-
21-
ih
8/-

BURMESE
CHINESE
DANISH
DUTCH

EGYPTIAN [Arabic]
ESPERANTO
FINNISH .
FRENCH

(With Commercial & Military Terms)
(With Commercial & Trading Terms)
(With Fishing iS; Shooting Terms)

(With Naval <Sc Military Terms)

(With Fishing & Shooting Tei^ms)
(With Naval & Military Terms)

GRAMMAR SELF-TAUGHT

:- SELF-TAUGHT & GRAmMAR with KEY

GERMAN SELF-TAUGHT . (With Naval & MUitary Terms)

GRAMMAR SELF-TAUGHT

SELF-TAUGHT & GRAMMAR with KEY

GREEK (Modern) SELF-TAUGHT ..

HINDUSTANI . „' (With Naval & MUitary Terms)

GRAMMAR SELF-TAUGHT ... ... :..

SELF,TAUGHT & GRAMMAR

HUNGARIAN SELF-TAUGHT

ITALIAN „ (With Naval & MUitary Terms)

— GRAMMAR „

SELF-TAUGHT &GRAMMAR with KEY

JAPANESE SELF-TAUGHT (With Naval & MiUtary Terms)

,- GRAMMAR „

_ SELF-TAU6HT& GRAMMAR ...

LATIN SELF-TAUGHT (With Medical & Dispensing Terms)
NORWEGIAN „ (With Flsliing, & Shooting Terms)
PERSIAN „ (With CbmmeTcial & Trading Terms)
PORTUGUESE „ ( ditto ditto )
RUSSIAN „ (With Naval & MlUtary Terms)
SINHALESE . „ (jj^ith Planting & Goi^mercial Terms)
SPANISH ,, (Vooabnlary for Canary Islands)
GRAMMAR SELF-TAtjGHT

SELF-TAUGHT & GRAMMAR with KEY 'f,^-„.

SWEDISH. SELF-TAUGHT (With Fishing* Shooting Terms)
TAMIL. .^ ..,:,!,,, (WithlPiantlng & Commercial Terms)
— —^ (^RISfMMiAR, SELF-TAUGHT

SELF-Tci&jdHT & GRAMMAR

TURKISH SELF-TAUGHT (English & TniMsh Dictionary)

3/-

s/-

3/-;

S/-
21-
4/-
3/-
&/-
7/6
2/-
3/-
3/-

5'-

3/-
3/-
2/-
21-
4/-
8/-
3/-
8/-
7/6
8/-

ENGLiH SELF-TAtTGHT.

^^'Adglais sans Hattre ... 2/-

Der Englische DolmetscheF ... 2/-

L'lnglese Imparato da 86 ... 2/-

El IngUs para Cada Coal ... ... 2/-

Otber volamesare to be Issaed, inclnding English tor Yiddish Speahara, &e.

For the f BENCH
GERMANS
ITALIANS
SPANIAiSDS

5/-

4/-,

2/6

2/6

2/6

1/3

2/6

1/3

1/3

3/-

1/3

1/3

3/-

2/6

2/6

2/6

1/3
1/3
3/-
2/6
4/-

1/3
2/6
2/6

2/6
1/3
1/3
3/-
2/6
2/6
4/-

2/6

1/3

mz

'm

London :— E. MBLBORODGH & Co., Publishers.Bl. Old Railp.v i£k

P.O. 646b

..•^;

i-r^

" "-Ax

7' ^ ...A^*: x^^^^^^^^m